Volcanoes
What is magma called when it reaches the Earth’s surface?
Lava
What is the source of a river?
Where the river begins.
What was a knight?
A trained medieval warrior who served a lord/king.
What country did Christopher Columbus sail for?
Spain
Name one famous Renaissance artist.
Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, etc.
Name one type of volcano.
Shield, composite, or cone
What do we call material carried by a river?
Load or sediment.
What disease killed millions in the 1300s?
The Black Death (plague).
What instrument helped sailors find direction?
Compass
What invention helped spread Renaissance ideas?
Printing press
Where do most volcanoes form?
At plate boundaries (e.g., subduction zones or mid-ocean ridges)
Name one river feature created by erosion.
Waterfall, V-shaped valley, meander (outer bank).
What is the feudal system?
A social system where land was exchanged for loyalty/work.
Why did Europeans explore new lands?
To find trade routes, wealth, spread religion, expand empires.
What does “humanism” mean?
A belief that humans and their achievements are important.
Why do volcanic eruptions occur?
Pressure builds as magma rises and escapes through cracks/craters.
Explain what a floodplain is.
Flat land beside a river formed by deposition.
Why were castles built on hills or near rivers?
For defence and visibility against attackers.
What was a caravel?
A fast, lightweight ship used for long voyages.
How did art change during the Renaissance?
More lifelike, used perspective, realism, secular themes.
Give one positive and one negative effect of volcanoes.
Positive: Fertile soil or tourism. Negative: Loss of life, destruction, ash clouds.
Describe how an oxbow lake forms.
A meander is cut off when erosion breaks through, leaving a curved lake.
Explain one way the Church influenced medieval life.
Controlled education, laws, taxes, beliefs, or land ownership.
Name one impact of colonisation on native peoples
Disease, enslavement, loss of land, cultural destruction.
Why was Florence important in the Renaissance?
Wealth from trade/banking funded art, culture, scientists.