VOCAB
What is molten rock called when it is underground and above ground?
Magma & Lava
What are the three main types of plate boundaries
Convergent, divergent, transform
What is the name for a volcano that has not erupted for a long time but could erupt again?
Dormant Volcano
What is the outermost solid layer of Earth?
Crust
What are the three main types of rocks
Igneous, Sedimentary, Metamorphic
What is the shaking of the ground called?
Earthquake
What type of boundary occurs when two plates move away from each other
Divergent Boundary
What are the 5 main types of volcanoes
Shield, composite, cindercone, fissure, caldera
What are the two main parts of Earth's uppermost mechanical layers?
Lithosphere and Asthenosphere
Which type of rock forms when magma or lava cools
Igneous
What is the process called when rock layers are pressed together and turned into slid rock?
Lithification
What famous mountain range formed when two continental plates collided?
The Himalayas
What type of volcano has broad, gentle slopes and usually less explosive eruptions?
Shield Volcano
What is the opening in Earths crust through which lava, ash and gases escape called?
Vent
What are the two main ways sedimentary rocks form?
Compaction and Cementation
What is the difference between P waves and S waves?
P waves travel through solids and liquids, while S waves only travel through solids
What type of boundary is responsible for the San andreas fault?
Transform Boundary
What is a hot spot?
An area where magma rises through Earths crust, often forming volcanoes
What are the three types of forces that causes rocks to deform?
Compression, tension, and shear
What are the two types of igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks?
Intrusive & Extrusive, Foliated & Non-foliated, Clastic & Non-clastic
What are the waves of energy released by an earthquake called
Seismic waves
What type of boundary formed the Mariana Trench?
Convergent Boundary (Subduction)
What are the 4 main parts of a volcano
Batholith, Dike, Sill, Lacollith
What are the three main types of faults?
Normal, reverse, and strike-slip
What is foliation and what type of rock is it commonly associated with?
The alignments of minerals into layers or bands, commonly found in metamorphic rock