Some biome stuff
What is the latitude of the equator?
0o
How many degrees E does longitude go?
180o
How many degrees N does latitude go?
90o
B - - - - - - - - - - -
Boreal Forest
Why does a desert have little or low vegetation?
Heat and dry climate
What is read first, latitude or longitude?
Latitude
Why is precipitation important for agriculture?
Crops needs rainfall/water to grow and yield produce
Which continent suffers the most regarding food insecurity?
Africa
Which continent is China part of?
Asia
South
Lines of longitude run in what direction?
E - W
In what order is Latitude/Longitude?
2nd: Long.
Lines of latitude run in what direction?
North - South
- O - - -
Polar
A tundra has what precipitation and temperature?
Low/ Dry / Cold
MC - All Teams Answer (and get points if correct)
Q: The lithosphere refers to the...
A. Land
B. Sea
C. Air
D. Agriculture
Answer: A
Australia's population is predicted to grow to what by 2050?
35 million
According to FoodBank Australia, how many Australians experiences food insecurity?
1 in 5
What is rural to urban migration?
People moving to cities from rural areas
Shenzhen is located directly north of which major city?
Hong Kong
Definition: •the process used by plants to turn solar energy into chemical energy. What is this?
Photosynthesis
What is located 90o S?
South Pole
What is located at: 23o N?
Tropic of Cancer
- - - - - A
Tundra
What defines the temperature in a climate graph?
The line graph
Latitude and Longitude are written in what 3 measurements?
Degrees, Minutes, Seconds
The Murray Darling Basin consists of which 2 main rivers?
Murray River and Darling River
The Murray Darling Basin is regarded as Australia's...
Food Bowl
What continent is the least urbanised?
Africa
What is the government in China?
Chinese Communist Party
Each biome can have many ....
ecosystems
What is another name for a tropical forest?
Rainforest
Another word for a major vegetation community?
Biome
M - - - - - - -
Mountain
What defines the precipitation in a climate graph?
The bar graph
Another name for precipitation:
Rainfall
Why is soil important in agriculture?
Certain crops prefer different types of soil (texture, structure, drainage, pH, salinity, etc.). When the crop prefers the type of soil, it will have a greater yield.
The Murray Darling Basin is approximately the size of which 2 countries joined together?
France and Spain
The concentration of people in an area, creating a densely populated built/urban environment (city).
What are the 3 factors of urbanisation?
Social
Environmental
Economic
What is a biome?
Large areas in the world that have similar climates and similar plants and animals.
What is the difference between climate and weather?
Climate- long term
Weather - short term (immediate)
An aquatic biome consists of vegetation and organisms found in:
Oceans
Rivers
Lakes
Wetlands
S _ _ T _ _ _ E _
SALTWATER
Where would you find a coastal biome?
Along a coast
What is NPP?
Net Primary Productivity
The Murray Darling Basin flows through which states and territories?
QLD, NSW, VIC, SA, ACT
The Yam Daisy is similar to what kind of crop?
Sweet Potato
How many people are needed for a megacity?
10 million
Shenzhen is located in which country?
China
Definition: •the first organisms to convert solar energy into chemical energy, which is then transferred to other organisms in the food web. What is this known as?
Autotrophs
What is located at: 23o S?
Tropic of Capricorn
What does "climate" consist of?
long-term temperature and precipitation
- - - S - - - N -
Grassland
A tropical forest has what precipitation and temperature?
High (both)
When looking at a climate graph and you see higher temperatures at the beginning of the year and towards the end of the year, but a drop in temperature in the middle of the year...what hemisphere is it in?
Southern
What is soil cpmpaction?
When heavy-hoofed animals walk and push down on soil - compacting it
Define agricultural yield.
The production of food from different biomes.
In 2020, what percentage of the world's population lived in urban areas?
56.2%
Urban sprawl is when...
a city grows outwards
What is an aquatic biome?
include the aquatic vegetation and organism communities found in oceans, rivers, lakes, and wetlands. They cover 75% of the Earth’s surface and are divided into freshwater and saltwater (marine).
What factors determine the type of biome?
Climate (temperature and precipitation) as well as geographical location (latitude and longitude)
The further away from the equator, the temperature...[does what?]
Desert
A temperate forest has what precipitation and temperature?
Approximately middle of both compared to other biomes
In a proportion bar graph, every bar totals what %?
100%
Land Terracing
Why are fertilisers, pesticides and chemicals bad for the Murray Darling Basin?
The run-off it has into waterways causing water pollution and affecting biodiversity
What is the projection for urbanisation globally?
Urbanisation will increase and has been increasing
Environmental factors are
naturally occurring push/pull
What percentage of our food relies on just 12 crops and 5 animal species?
75%
What is located at 0o longitude?
Prime Meridian
A common biome found in the tropical belt is?
Tropical forest / Rainforest
- R - - - C - - - - - - - -
Tropical Forest
Tundra/ Arctic biomes are going to have what kind of light?
Short hours /scattered
What sphere refers to bodies and processes of water?
Hydrosphere
What is the main environmental issue facing Australia's food production?
Water Scarcity
The Yam Daisy has been cultivated by which people?
Indigenous Australians
When being asked about spatial patterns, what does it mean?
Where things are and anything related between those places.
Human factors are
When looking at a climate graph and you see lower temperatures at the beginning of the year and towards the end of the year, but an increase in temperature in the middle of the year...what hemisphere is it in?
Northern
What are the two groups of biomes?
Terrestrial
Aquatic
Definition: the amount of energy a plant makes and stores minus the amount of energy they need to photosynthesise. What is this?
Net primary production
- R - S - - A - - -
Freshwater
A climate graph shows what?
Average monthly temperature and precipitation
What is land terracing?
The carving of shallow steps into the sides of mountains in order to control the flow of water down the slope (and potentially use for agricultural purposes)
How do markets affect agriculture production?
What is the benefit of vertical farming?
Saves land space by "farming on walls"
What regions are the most urbanised?
North America and Latin America
Europe
Oceania
What are pull factors?
reasons that attract people to live in a new area
What line of longitude is the international date line?
What makes it "unique"?
180o and it is not entirely straight due to political borders
What is the latitude of the tropics?
23o N and S
What is orographic rainfall?
When precipitation is lifted and moves over a mountain range - this can result in rain on a particular side of a mountain
M - - - - -
Marine
A subtropical desert has what precipitation and temperature?
High temperatures and low rainfall (but not as dry as a tundra or desert)
What does GMO stand for?
Genetically Modified Organism
What is Australia's food security rating (high, low, medium, etc)
Very high
What is the main concern for the Murray Darling Basin?
Distribution of Water/ Water Shortage
What continent has the most megacities?
Asia
What are push factors?
Reasons that motivate people to stay away or move away of an area
6oC
What is altitude?
Height above sea level
Food sovereignty addresses the root cause of what?
Global hunger
- - - P - - - - - F - - - - -
Temperate Forest
Net Primary Productivy varies throughout the year because of?
Why?
Seasons due to the change in diurnal hours (daylight)
What is water scarcity?
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand.
MC - All Teams Answer (and get points if correct)
Q: The use of High Yield Varieties means to:
A: use hybrid plants
B: use of irrigation
C: selectively breeding plant species
D: selectively applying fertilisers
Answer: C
What is food security?
Food security is the state of having reliable access to a sufficient quantity of affordable, nutritious food.
Internal migration is when...
People move within a country
Net migration is:
The total number of people moving in (immigration) minus the people moving out of a place or country (emigration).
What is another name for Taiga?
Boreal Forest
What is the largest producer (percentage) of Net Primary Productivity on the Earth?
Oceans
include vegetation communities with similar climate zones in deserts, rainforests, tundra, grasslands, woodlands, and forests.
_ A V _ _ _ A
SAVANNA
Northern Australia has a different climate region and only 2 seasons (different to Southern Australia) what are they?
Wet and Dry seasons
Aquaculture is...
Farming aquatic plants/animals (organisms).
Why is soil compaction an issue?
Ground/soil is compacted and becomes very hard, resulting in less water absorption - crops and plants cannot or will struggle to grow
Why is Food Security important for Australia? (Explain)
Australia's population is growing and expected to grow even more in the next 20 years. Australia suffers from environmental problems such as water scarcity, and human induced issues which affects biodiversity and as such crop yield.
International migration is when...
People migrated from another country
Name positive consequences of urbanisation
...several options
Which 3 places of the world is deforestation a concern?
Africa, Asia, Americas - along the equator due to the rainforests
MC - All Teams Answer (and get points if correct)
Q: Terraces are most often used for:
A: Navigating vegetation
B: Wet Rice Farming
C: Allow farming in remote areas
D: To reinforce lithospherical processes
Answer: B - Wet Rice Farming
In order to produce food, industrial materials and fibres, humans have done what?
Significantly altered biomes
T _ _ G _
TAIGA
What is a 'grassroots' approach?
Something being done by the local people/community rather than larger corporations.
An aquifer is....
Natural groundwater storage
What is monoculture?
The growing of a single type of crop in agriculture
What is food sovereignty?
Food sovereignty is a food system in which the people who produce, distribute, and consume food also control the mechanisms and policies of food production and distribution. - It is empowering the people to decide on how to achieve food security rather than relying on corporations.
Define gentrification:
a process in which a poor area (as of a city) experiences an influx of middle-class or wealthy people who renovate and rebuild homes and businesses and which often results in an increase in property values and the displacement of earlier, usually poorer residents
Name negative consequences of urbanisation
several exist...