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Physical Properties for Identification
Minerals and their Chemistry
Igneous Rocks
Sedimentary Rocks
Metamorphic Rocks
100
The most obvious characteristic of a mineral but not the most reliable
What is Color
100
An element with a varying number of neutrons
What is an Isotope
100
A rock that forms within the crust
What is an Intrusive/Plutonic rock
100
The process by which sediment is transformed into sedimentary rocks
What is Lithification
100
Type of metamorphism that takes place adjacent to a body of magma or beneath a lava flow from heat and chemically active fluids
What is Contact Metamorphism
200
The amount of force needed to scratch a mineral
What is Hardness
200
A type of bonding characterized by sharing electrons
What is Covalent Bonding
200
The texture resulting from slow cooling
What is a phaneritic texture
200
A type of sedimentary rock derived from solid pieces of preexisting rocks
What is Clastic/Detrital Sedimentary Rock
200
A texture resulting from a mosaic of mineral positions
What is Nonfoliated Texture
300
The color produced by rubbing the mineral across a piece of porcelain
What is Streak
300
A substance produced by the bonding of two or more elements
What is a Compound
300
An igneous rock containing less than 45% silica
What is an Ultramafic Igneous Rock
300
The difference between a conglomerate sedimentary rock and a shale
What is Clast Size
300
A type of metamorphism that takes place over a large but usually elongated are resulting from heat, pressure, and chemically active fluids
What is Regional Metamorphism
400
Specific planes some minerals tend to break along
What is Cleavage
400
The bonding of oppositely charged ions
What is Ionic Bonding
400
The texture resulting from fast cooling
What is an Aphanitic Texture
400
Consists of minerals derived from materials from a solution and extracted by inorganic or organic means
What is a Chemical Sedimentary Rock
400
Metamorphic rock texture resulting from the parallel alignment of elongated minerals
What is Foliated Texture
500
The way a mineral breaks besides cleavage
What is Fracture
500
These three things are necessary for something to be considered a mineral
What are Naturally Occurring, Inorganic, and Contain a Crystalline Structure
500
Fragmented materials, like ash, explosively erupted from volcanoes
What are Pyroclastic Materials
500
Coal is an example of this subcategory of chemical sedimentary rocks
What is Biochemical Sedimentary Rock
500
Type of metamorphism that takes place in fault zones where rocks are subjected to high differential pressure
What is Dynamic Metamorphism