Geologic Changes
What is the process of fossils being replaced by minerals?
What is petrifaction?
What type of weathering includes the breaking down of rocks by physical processes?
What is mechanical weathering?
True or False: Gullies are created by wind depositing particles.
False. Dunes are created by wind.
What is a rapid downhill movement of rock and soil called?
What is a landslide?
What type of rock are most fossils found in?
What is sedimentary rock?
What type of fossil shows a track or trail?
What is a trace fossil?
What is the term for the erosion surface between strata?
What is unconformity?
True or False: Clay particles are smaller than silt particles.
True
Describe two types of mass wasting.
Landslides and mudflows.
What are landslides, mudflows, and soil creep similar in?
They all involve soil moving downhill.
What is the process that wears down rock surfaces?
What is abrasion?
What is the term for the breaking down of rocks by chemical processes?
What is chemical weathering?
True or False: Shoreline erosion increases in summer.
False. It increases during the winter.
How are river bends affected by erosion and sediment deposition?
Water slows on the inside, depositing sediment, and flows quickly on the outside, causing erosion.
Where might water slow enough to deposit its load?
Inside curve of a bend, on a floodplain, and at a river’s mouth.
What is a fossil useful for dating strata?
What is an index fossil?
What is the term for the narrow ditch cut by runoff?
What is a gully?
True or False: Climate affects soil type.
True.
What factors help determine soil type besides climate?
Type of vegetation, parent rock material, and time.
Describe two types of unconformities.
Disconformities and nonconformities.
What is the process of freezing and expanding water in rocks called?
What is ice wedging?
What type of weathering occurs when ice infiltrates rocks?
What is ice wedging?
True or False: Lower strata are younger than those above.
False. Lower strata are older according to the law of superposition.
Describe how the rate of mechanical weathering can be increased.
Temperature extremes, tree roots infiltrating rock, and rapid temperature changes.
Explain two ways kettle lakes may have formed.
Glacier scooping out lake beds or sediment covering a block of ice that melts.