Formation of Earth and Oceans and navigation
The nebular hypothesis explains the formation of which two cosmic features?
The solar system and Earth
Which seafloor feature has the youngest oceanic crust?
Mid-ocean ridges
What kind of plate boundary caused the San Andreas fault
Transform
Manganese nodules are an example of which type of sediment
hydrogenous
From the low tide mark to the farthest point that water effects the land is called the ___________
Shore
Our sun burns primarily which chemical for fuel?
Hydrogen
Which is the largest ocean by surface area
Pacific Ocean
What type of plate boundary creates an ocean trench
Coccolithophores and foraminifera are examples of organisms that produce which kind of ooze?
Calcareous ooze
What type of coastline do you usually find barrier islands associated with?
Depositional coast
How did the Earth’s oceans primarily form?
By condensation of water vapor from volcanic outgassing
How deep are the world's oceans on average
~3700 meters
The Hawaiian Islands are a volcanic island __________ created by a ____________
chain, hotspot
Which process is the primary source of lithogenous sediment in the ocean? How is this sediment transported into the oceans?
weathering or erosion; rivers
Hard stabilization, such as seawalls and groins can cause downcoast ________________
erosion
The revival of Hawaiian wayfinding was led in the 1970s by the canoe called _____________
Hokule‘a
Which ocean has more trenches Pacific or Atlantic?
Pacific
What is the evidence from paleomagnetism that directly supports the idea of seafloor spreading?
Alternating bands of magnetic polarity that run parallel to the mid-ocean ridges
Which two chemical compounds make up most biogenous sediments?
Silica and calcium carbonate
List three features found at erosional shorelines (many options)
Sea arch, sea cliff, sea stack, marine terrace, blowhole, headland, sea cave, cove and others.
What is the Hawaiian star compass used for?
Determining direction by identifying the houses where stars rise and set.
Which extends deeper into the Earth: the crust or the lithosphere?
lithosphere
What are the three ways that oceanic islands are formed?
1. Island chains from hotspots
2. Island arcs at convergent plate boundaries
3. Formation at the mid-ocean ridge - divergent plate boundaries
Why does Siliceous ooze accumulate on the seafloor?
Siliceous ooze accumulates where silica-producing organisms are very abundant and enough of their hard parts reach the seafloor faster than they dissolve.
Mount St. Helens formed due to what kind of plate boundary? At this plate boundary which type of plate subducted? why?
Convergent between continental/oceanic. The oceanic plate subducted. It is more dense.