Fossils
The preserved remains or traces of plants and animals that were once alive
What is a fossil?
A fracture in rock along which separation or movement has taken place
What is a fault?
A sudden release of energy below the earth's crust, which causes the earth's crust to move or shake
What is an earthquake?
Type of fault when the hanging wall moves downwards relative to the foot wall.
What is a normal fault?
Another word for an unstable element
What is radioactive?
Fossilized animal or dinosaur dung
What is a coprolite?
The process by which soil and rock are worn away by water, wind, animals, etc.
What is erosion?
What is an atom?
This volcano erupted in 1980
What is Mount St. Helens?
These factors determine whether a rock will fold or break.
What is: whether it is soft or brittle and how deep it is buried?
Rounded stones used by plant eating dinosaurs to aid in digestion and sometimes found with fossilized remains
What are gastroliths?
A rapid underwater deposition of mud that hardens into a layer of rock
What is a turbidite?
A common unstable or radioactive element used for dating rocks; has also been used to generate electricity
What is uranium?
This part of a volcano is made up of layers of hardened lava and ash
What is the cone?
Layers of sediment are deposited and compacted by water and other sediments. Water circulates through the sediments and dissolves certain minerals. Those minerals surround the grains of sediment. When the water stops moving, the dissolved minerals act like a glue that cements the grains of sediment together.
What is the formation of sedimentary rock?
Process by which trees, plants, and even animals are solidified by burial in hot, silica-rich water
What is petrification?
A process in the formation of sedimentary rock when minerals are dissolved, which then help to solidify the rock by acting as glue
What is cementation?
Underground water that has been heated to an excessive degree and because of pressure bursts out of the ground temporarily
What is a geyser?
What are cavitation, plucking and kolk?
Five processes of normal erosion
What are rain, ice, plants and animals, chemicals, and ocean waves?
These are other examples of how things can be fossilized.
(any 3)
Hard parts are preserved (bones, shells etc.); replacement by other minerals; cast or mold are all that remain; petrification; carbonization (coal); preservation of soft parts (rare); frozen animals (eg. woolly mammoth); animal tracks and worm burrows; coprolites; gastroliths
An opening in the earth's crust, usually associated with volcanic activity
What are fumaroles?
Variations of an element's atoms, usually in the different number of neurons
What is an isotope?
This is a part of the volcano where lava can collect where it does not find an outlet to the surface. It cools and become solid rock.
Carbon 14 in plants decays into this after the plant dies. The process of calculating how much carbon 14 and carbon 12 are still remaining can help determine how long ago the plant died.
What is Nitrogen 14? What is Carbon dating?