Geology
What is Geology?
The study of the physical Earth
Name the layers of the Earth
Crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core
Fill in the blanks: The ___________ mineral material that forms part of the surface of the ___________ and other planets
solid, Earth
Fill in the blanks: A mineral is a __________-occuring, solid, ___________ substance with a __________ structure.
naturally, inorganic, crystal
Name the three types of movements between tectonic plates.
Convergent, Divergent, and Transform
Geologists study the Earth to learn its:
history, materials, processes
What are the two names for the different types of crust?
Continental and Oceanic
This type of rock forms from layers of sediment that are pressed together over time.
Sedimentary
Minerals are like the ______________ that make up rocks.
ingredients
How fast do tectonic plates move?
What type of rock forms when minerals slowly crystallize inside a hollow space in rock?
Geode
Name the layer that is thick, hot, and made of semi-melted rock that moves slowly.
The mantle
This type of rock forms from melted rock (magma or lava) that cools and hardens.
Igneous
What are the properties used to identify a mineral?
Color, hardness, streak, luster, cleavage, crystal habit, and special properties (i.e. magnetism, taste, fluorescence, smell).
What are the two types of waves that travel through the Earth after an earthquake?
P and S waves
Recite Matthew 7:24-26 from memory
“Therefore, everyone who hears these words of mine and puts them into practice is like a wise man who builds his house on the rock. The rain came down, the streams rose, the winds blew and beat against the house, yet it did not fall, because it had its foundation on the rock.”
- Matthew 7: 24-26
Intense ______________ causes the inner core to behave like a solid metal ball.
Pressure
This type of rock forms when other rocks types change because of heat and pressure.
Metamorphic
What is the name of the scale that is used to determine a minerals hardness?
Mohs scale
What is the name for the point underground where an earthquake begins.
focus
What process slowly changes Earth’s surface because of wind and water?
Weathering / Erosion
Electron movement in the outer core creates the Earth's _____________ field.
Magnetic
What is the name for the continual process that changes rocks from one type to another.
The rock cycle
Name three of the five mineral musts.
It must:
- be naturally-occuring
- be inorganic
- be in a solid form on Earth
- have a crystal structure
- have fixed recipe of elements
How many stations are needed to determine an Earthquakes epicenter?
Three