Geology 1
the study of the makeup of the earth and the processes that shape and change it
What is geology ?
Magma erupts through huge cracks in the Earth's crust as lava.
What is a mid-ocean ridge?
a type of volcano that is considered active but has not erupted for a very long time.
What is a dormant volcano?
an underwater hot spring that periodically erupts, shooting hot water and steam into the air
What is a geyser?
This type of mountain generally formed when magma pushes upward into Earth's crust from the mantle and cools into igneous rock underground
What are dome mountains?
A theory that states that Earth's crust and part of the mantle are broken up into sections that slowly move
What is the theory of plate tectonics?
Rocks are created, destroyed, and recreated in a continuous cycle.
What is the rock cyle?
moving apart, colliding, and sliding sideways past one another are the three different ways in which __________ interacts
What are tectonic plates?
A very hot region deep within Earth's mantle where a huge magma chamber forms
What is a hotspot?
This mountain formed when gigantic blocks of rock move up and down along faults.
What are fault-block mountains?
A underwater mountain
What is a mid-ocean ridge?
They form both along plate boundaries and above hotspots
This hypothesis explains that all of the continents were once joined as Pangaea until they broke apart and slowly moved away from each other.
What is continental drift?
a crack in Earth's crust
What is a fault?
This rock is made of sediments that have been naturally compacted and cemented together
What is a sedimentary rock?
A narrow, extremely deep valley
What is an ocean trench?
A type of volcano that has not erupted for at least 10,000 years and is not likely to erupt again.
extinct volcano
this process is when rocks are broken down into smaller peices
What is weathering?
A naturally occurring nonliving solid made of minerals.
What is a rock?
This rock forms when magma cools and solidifies
What is an igneous rock?
The seafloor dips down as one tectonic plate slides under another.
What is an ocean trench?
a type of volcano that has erupted in the past 10,000 years and is likely to erupt again
What is an active volcano?
This process happens when sediments are moved from place to place
What is erosion?
This mountain is formed when rocks are pushed up into huge folds by moving tectonic plates; often contain quite a bit of sedimentary rock.
What are fold mountains?
This rock forms when minerals in other types of rocks are altered due to extreme heat and pressure
What is a metamorphic rock?