Minerals
What is a mineral?
A naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystal structure and definite chemical composition.
Name the two types of volcanic eruptions
1. Explosive
2. Quiet
Name the 3 fossil fuels we discussed in class.
1. Coal
2. Oil
3. Natural Gas
These two renewable resources are indirect forms of solar energy.
Hydroelectric power and Wind power
Precipitation and Temperature
How do minerals form?
Many minerals form from magma and lava. Some minerals form when solutions evaporate . Other minerals form in hot water solutions deep under the crust and form in a vein or a channel/slab of mineral that is different from the surrounding rock.
Ring of Fire
This fossil fuel's disadvantages are that it is highly flammable, and it can cause violent explosions and fire.
Natural Gas
This renewable resource uses the heat of Earth’s interior to produce energy.
Geothermal energy
Name the 3 main factors that influence precipitation.
1. Prevailing winds
2. Mountains
3. Seasonal winds
Minerals are the source of:
Gemstones and metals
All volcanoes have what 4 things?
Magma Chamber, Pipe, Vent, and Crater
A liquid fossil fuel formed from the remains of small animals, algae, and other organisms that lived in oceans and shallow seas hundreds of millions of years ago.
Oil
What is the major disadvantage of hydroelectric power?
It takes more energy to obtain hydrogen than is produced by burning it.
Name the 4 main factors that influence temperature.
1. Latitude
2. Altitude
3. Distance from large bodies of water
4. Ocean currents
The size of crystals depends on what three things?
1. The rate that magma cools.
2. The amount of gas in the magma.
3. The chemical composition of the magma.
Volcanoes form on land along _____________ plate boundaries.
Divergent
This fossil fuel makes up around 23% of the fuel used in the U.S.
Coal
This renewable resource is the fastest-growing energy sources in the world.
Wind power
Short-term climate changes in the tropical Pacific Ocean caused by changes in ocean surface currents and prevailing winds.
El Nino and La Nina
Name five characteristic properties we look for when testing minerals.
Color, Streak, Luster, Density, Hardness, Cleavage, Fracture, Special properties (smell, florescence, magnetism, etc.)
Describe what causes volcanoes to erupt.
The force of the expanding gases pushes magma from the magma chamber through the pipe until it flows or explodes out of the vent.
This rock oil accounts for more than ⅓ of the energy produced in the world.
Petroleum
This is the most widely used source of renewable energy.
Hydroelectric power
What are the 3 theories that causes global warming we discussed in class.
1. Greenhouse hypothesis
2. Changing levels of carbon dioxide
3. Climate variation hypothesis