Layers
What is the thinnest layer of the Earth?
Solid, inorganic, natural, definite chemical composition, crystalline structure.
What are the types of rocks depending on their composition?
Simple, complex, organic
What are the three types of rocks depending on their origin?
Magmatic or igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic
What are the factors that lead to metamorphism?
High temperature, high pressure.
What is the main rock in the continental crust?
Granite
What is the streak of a mineral?
The colour of the powder produced when that mineral is scratched.
Give an example of a simple rock, a complex rock and an organic rock
Give an example of a sedimentary detrital rock and a sedimentary non detrital rock.
Conglomerate / Sandstone/ Clay
Limestone / Gypsum / Salt / Coal/ Oil
What is the rock cycle?
The series of processes that a rock goes through to transform into another type of rock.
What is the main rock in the mantle?
Peridotite
What minerals from Mohs scale can be scratched by fluorite?
Calcite, gypsum, talc.
What type of rocks are formed when magma solidifies in the crust? Say an example of rock from this group.
Plutonic or intrusive. Granite, diorite, gabbro
What are the two phases of diagenesis?
Compaction and cementation.
What processes are needed so that a plutonic rock becomes a sedimentary rock?
Erosion, transportation, sedimentation, diagenesis.
What can we deduce from the fact that S waves can't pass through the outer core?
That it is liquid
What is the hardness of a mineral that can be scratched by quartz but is scratched by topaz?
Between 7 and 8
What are the small holes that we can see in pumice?
Gases that were in the rock before it solidified.
A foliated metamorphic rock.
What rock is the precursor of marble?
Limestone
Why is the inner core solid if its temperature is higher than that of the outer core?
Because of the high pressure.
What are the three types of minerals depending on their reaction to light?
Transparent, translucent, opaque
How was gypsum formed?
When salts crystallized in shallow lakes and seas, as water was evaporating.
What is the difference between slate and schist?
The grade of metamorphism (low metamorphism in slate, high in schist).
What type of rocks are originated on the surface of the crust?
Sedimentary rocks.