Vocab 1
what is lava
Molten material that flows onto the land surface from a volcano, or rock that solidifies from such molten material.
located under the continental plate, they are a big hole in the ground and looks like a bowl-shaped volcano, very explosive
Caldera
An eruption of magma at Earth’s surface that generally moves like a liquid mass downslope from a volcanic vent.
lava flow
What are some characteristics of Landslides
secondary effects of volcanic activity, they can affect areas far from their source, they can become avalanches and destroy homes and buildings
Any material ejected and physically blown out of a volcano; mostly ash, also known as Pyroclastic debris
tephra
what is decompression melting
The process by which solid rock melts due to a decrease in pressure that is caused by an upwelling of hot rocks within the interior of the planet
Lava Dome
small and steep, located in the convergent plate boundaries and found around the ring of fire, has slow oozing lava with low viscosity
A type of volcanic vent that forms a semicircular depression near the summit of most volcanoes, particularly cinder cones and stratovolcanoes
crater
Characteristics of Volcanic Gasses
primary effect, rise from cooling lava, but rarely reach populated areas, toxins very deadly, the fumes can kill animals
A massive outpouring of magma onto Earth’s surface generating a lava flow
effusive eruptions
Chemical compounds, such as water (H2O) or carbon dioxide (CO2), that evaporate easily and exist in a gaseous state at the Earth’s surface
Volatiles
has a less violent eruption and there are hot spots in the oceanic lithosphere. It has a gentle arch with shallow slope and low viscosity of the lava
shield
what is magma
Naturally occurring molten rock material formed deep within the crust or in the mantle
Characteristics of Ash Fall
occurs downwind of the volcano, creates dust clouds and drops the temperature, once the ash starts traveling the thickness decreases with an increase of distance, effects crops, surface water, and health hazards
what is a volcanic vent
Circular or elongated opening through which lava and pyroclastic debris have erupted, may be roughly circular
volcanic material that is explosively erupted from a volcano. The material ranges in size from fine ash to large blocks and may be composed of low-density magma
pyroclastic debris
when erupted it looks like a lava fountain and found in convergent boundaries, shaped like a cone with low viscosity
cinder cone
a slurry of fine, unconsolidated earth materials and water that flows rapidly downslope or down a channel
mudflows
primary effect travels fast and can lead to an explosive release, mostly affects land and property, not a serious hazard for human life
a primary effect, travels fast and can lead to an explosive release, mostly affects land and property, not a serious hazard for human life
Characteristics of Lava Flow
the downslope movement of unconsolidated, water-saturated earth material that became unstable because of torrential rain, rapid melting of snow and ice, or sudden drainage of a pond or lake
debris flows
A relative scale by which different volcanic eruptions can be compared based on quantitative and qualitative measurement of explosivity
volcanic explosivity index
stratovolcano
has a moderate viscosity and is located over subduction zone with high water content, shaped like a conical shape
A large pool of molten rock that accumulates in the subsurface and is the primary source of lava, and volcanic gasses and debris that are extruded to the surface during an eruption
magma chambers
Characteristics of Pyroclastic Flow
most lethal effect of volcanic eruptions, are hot and race down the side of the volcano which can destroy houses and buildings, as well as releases toxic gasses,
lateral blast
volcanic eruption characterized by explosive activity that is more or less parallel to the surface of Earth