Vocab
This chapter deals with these processes that change over time.
What are dynamic processes?
These mountains are formed when magma pushes up under the crust creating a large raised domed shape on the Earth's surface.
What are dome mountains?
This is the opening in the ground that lava comes through.
What is a vent?
In geology, a break or crack in rock is called this.
What is a fracture?
This is a giant wave that can occur when an underwater earthquake, volcanic eruption, or landslide causes a large quantity of water to be suddenly moved.
What is a tsunami?
The lithospheric plates move slowly as the material in the asthenosphere does this, or follows a circular motion, due to convection.
What is circulates?
This is the name for land that has been folded into a trough shape by the pushing together of land masses.
What is a syncline?
This is a small volcano with steep sides that often has lava that oozes out of its base.
What is a cinder cone volcano?
A fracture in the surface of the Earth is known as this.
What is a fault?
Mauna Loa is an example of this type of volcano.
What is a shield volcano?
This theory is used by scientists to explain earthquakes and volcanoes, the movement of land masses, and the formation of mountains.
What is plate tectonics?
These mountains are formed by the movement of plates, which causes land masses to be pushed together, folding them.
What are folded mountains?
This type of volcano has long, sloping sides formed from layers of low viscosity lava.
What is shield volcano?
This term is used to describe the area where the two sides of a fracture meet.
What is a fault line?
This volcano erupted so violently in 79 AD that it destroyed the city of Pompeii in one day.
What is Mount Vesuvius?
When magma comes to the surface of the Earth, it is called this.
What is lava?
These mountains are formed by plates sliding up and down with respect to each other.
What are fault-block mountains?
This volcano is formed from alternating layers of lava flow and lava rubble and usually has explosive eruptions.
What is a composite volcano?
As tectonic plates move, this force resulting from pressure or tension is created along a fault line, and when it gets too big, it is suddenly released causing an earthquake.
What is stress?
This type of plate boundary occurs where new crust is generated as the plates pull away from each other.
What is divergent plate boundary?
This term describes how thick or thin a fluid is.
What is viscosity?
This is the part of a folded mountain that has been folded into an arch shape by the pushing together of land masses.
What is anticline?
This is another term for a composite volcano.
What is a stratovolcano?
The majority of Earth's volcanoes and earthquakes occur along this belt that rims the Pacific Ocean.
What is the Ring of Fire?
This "Last Frontier" U.S. state experiences the most earthquakes, with California coming in at 2nd.
What is Alaska?