Layers of the Earth
What layer of the earth is broken into several different pieces?
Lithosphere
What kinds of geologic events are caused by transform boundaries?
earthquakes
What is the difference between lava and magma?
Both are melted rock, but magma is found underground and lava is above ground (from an erupting volcano)
Where do trenches occur?
convergent
You are a rock that formed when lava cooled after a volcanic eruption. What kind of rock are you?
igneous rock
Define convection:
The transfer of thermal energy by the movement of matter of different temperatures
Which layer of the earth is completely liquid?
Outer Core
What is subduction? (What kinds of plates are involved, and what happens to each of them?)
An oceanic plate runs into a continental crust plate at a convergent boundary and the oceanic crust gets pushed down underneath the continental crust because it is more dense.
What plate boundaries can volcanoes occur?
Convergent and Divergent
Where do mid-ocean ridges occur?
divergent
You are a rock in the oceanic crust, formed by pressure squishing together the grains of sand that had collected there. What kind of rock are you?
Sedimentary Rock
What is a natural resource we learned about in Act 17?
water
Which layer of earth is soft and gooey, but not completely melted?
Mantle
What is the idea of plate tectonics vs continental drift
Plate tectonics: Earth's surface is made up of lithosphere that is formed over time
Continental Drift: he continents, once joined together to form a large landmass, have moved over time
How does the amount of gas in magma/lava change the way that a volcano erupts?
More gas makes a more explosive eruption (like when you shake up a bottle of soda and increase the pressure of the dissolved carbon dioxide in it before opening it)
How do the plates move in each of the 3 tectonic plate boundaries?
Convergent: plates move crash into each other; Divergent: plates move apart; Transform: plates slide past each other in opposite directions
You are a very dense rock with crystals in it. How did you form?
Heat and pressure (you are a metamorphic rock)
Time periods of thousands, millions, and billions of years are often referred to as....
Geological Time
Which layer makes rock SLOWLY rise and sink in circles because of convection?
Mantle
What are the 3 different observations that led Alfred Wegener to believe that the continents are moving?
1. Fossil evidence (same plant/animal species found on different continents that now have different climates) 2. Continents are similar shapes that fit together like puzzle pieces (South America and Africa, for example) 3. Mountain ranges are made of the same rock layers on different continents (the Appalachian Mountains match a mountain range in Scotland, for example)
What does a tranch do to Erath's crust vs what mid-ocean ridges do to Earth's crust?
Trench = destroys crust
Mid-ocean ridge = Creates crust
Which objects should you use (in order) when testing a mineral's hardness?
fingernail, copper penny, steel nail
What kind of rock often has fossils inside of it?
sedimentary rock
Where do most Earthquakes occur along?
plate boundaries
Why is the inner core solid even though it is the hottest layer?
There is too much pressure from all of the layers on top of it for it to melt
What kinds of events can happen at a convergent boundary?
Mountains, Subduction, Volcanoes, and Earthquakes
If you are building a building in an earthquake-prone area, what can you do to make it safer?
Design the building to withstand Earthquakes by changing the design, structure, and materials
What kinds of events can happen at a convergent boundary?
Mountains, Subduction, Volcanoes, and Earthquakes
How does sediment form?
weathering and erosion
Who is the father of plate tectonics and continental drift?
Alfred Wegener