Minerals
Most minerals within the Earth's crust
Silicates
Raw material is produced (sediments &solutions)
Weathering
composed of solid particles (gravel, sand, silt,
and clay) cemented together.
Detrital
Puts Earth history events in order (older to younger) without specific ages
Relative Dating
Low viscosity lava=
Quiet Eruption
Various cations bonded to sulfur
sulfides
process by which the internal structure of a mineral is altered by the addition or removal of elements
Chemical Weathering
Red coloration in sedimentary rocks indicates the presence of...
Iron Oxides
the time period that is characterized by the time it takes for half of the substance to decay
half-life
how much a material resists flow
viscosity
Same chemical composition but different crystalline structure
Polymorphs
the process by which water seeps into cracks in a rock, expands on freezing, and thus enlarges the cracks
Frost Wedging
Layering within a stratum and at an angle to the main bedding plane.
Cross Bedding
relative dating, examination of fossils, correlation, radiometric dating
Geologic time scale
High viscosity lava=
Explosive eruption
main building block of coral reefs, typically dissolves in weak acid
Carbonates
occurs when rocks collide against each other while they are transported by water, glacier, wind, or gravitational force.
Abrasion
form in unidirectional currents
Asymmetric Ripples
Eons
When silica bonds to itself, resists flow, the temperature is...
Cooler
minerals that occur as a single element.
Native Elements
Degradation of materials due to chemical reactions with oxygen
Oxidation
Indicate drying after deposition
Mud Cracks
age of mammals "recent life"
Cenozoic
3 factors on wether an eruption is quiet or explosive...
viscosity, temperature, gas content