Layers of the Earth
What layer of the earth is broken into several different pieces?
Crust
What are the 3 different types of plate boundaries?
Convergent, Divergent, and Transform
What is the difference between lava and magma?
Both are melted rock, but magma is found underground and lava is above ground (from an erupting volcano)
What properties should you use to identify a rock or mineral if you don't know what it is? (list at least 2)
color, luster, hardness, and reactivity
You are a rock that formed when magma cooled underneath a volcano (without reaching the surface). What type of rock are you?
Igneous rock - probably granite (or diorite or gabbro)
Which layer of the earth is completely liquid?
Outer Core
What is subduction? Which plate goes over and which goes under?
An oceanic and a continental plate run into each other (convergent boundary). The oceanic plate sinks below the continental plate because it is more dense.
What are the two types of waves released by earthquakes? How are they different from each other?
P and S waves - P waves can travel through all layers, S waves can't pass through liquid outer core
How do you test the hardness of a mineral?
Scrape the rock/mineral on a hard material like a ceramic tile to see if it can scratch the tile. Test on more than one material to figure out what it can or can't scratch.
You are a rock in the oceanic crust, formed by pressure squishing together the grains of sand that had collected there. What kind of rock are you?
Sedimentary Rock
Which layer of earth is soft and gooey, but not completely melted?
Mantle
How do the plates move in each of the 3 tectonic plate boundaries?
Convergent: plates move crash into each other; Divergent: plates move apart; Transform: plates slide past each other in opposite directions
There are no plate boundaries close to Connecticut but there are many active boundaries around and in California
What do "dull," "pearly," "glassy," and "metallic" describe?
The luster of a mineral
You are a very dense rock with crystals in it. How did you form?
Heat and pressure (you are a metamorphic rock)
Which layer makes rock SLOWLY rise and sink in circles because of convection?
Mantle
What are 3 different observations that led Alfred Wegener to believe that the continents are moving?
1. Fossil evidence (same plant/animal species found on different continents that now have different climates) 2. Continents are similar shapes that fit together like puzzle pieces (South America and Africa, for example) 3. Mountain ranges are made of the same rock layers on different continents (the Appalachian Mountains match a mountain range in Scotland, for example) 4. Glacier evidence (markings from glaciers found on continents that are now tropical)
What type of rock would we expect to find around a volcano that has a history of erupting? (with lava coming to the surface and then cooling)
Basalt (or obsidian, pumice, rhyolite, andesite)
What are the 2 types of rock that can react with hydrochloric acid?
Marble and Limestone
What kind of rock often has fossils inside of it?
sedimentary rock
Why is the inner core solid even though it is the hottest layer?
There is too much pressure from all of the layers on top of it for it to melt
Where are the oldest rocks found in oceanic crust? WHY?
Farthest away from mid-ocean ridges - new crust forms at mid-ocean ridges and push older rocks farther away
What kinds of tectonic events can happen at a convergent boundary? (list at least 2)
Mountain formation, Subduction, Volcanoes, and Earthquakes
What elements are most common in rocks? (at least 2)
Oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium
How does sediment form?
weathering and erosion of rocks that already existed