Rocks and Minerals
What is the difference between a rock and a mineral?
A mineral has only one type of chemical and a rock is many minerals combined together.
As you dig deeper into the Earth, what happens to the temperature?
It increases.
What two tectonic plates are involved in creating volcanoes?
What does the term "weathering" mean?
The breakdown of rocks into sediment.
What is a body fossil?
preserved remains of an organism.
What are small bits of rock material called?
Sediment
What are all the layers of the Earth, starting with the outermost layer.
Crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
Where do most earthquakes happen?
On the coast or along the ring of fire around the Pacific Ocean.
What does the term "erosion" mean?
The process that moves bits of rock or soil from one place to another.
What is a trace fossil?
preserved evidence of an organism’s behaviors.
What does the mineral identification "luster" mean?
How shiny a mineral is.
What is the cause of earthquakes?
Tectonic plates slide past each other, become stuck, then break free suddenly.
What are the three main types of volcanoes?
Cinder cone, stratovolcano, shield volcano
What are at least 2 ways that erosion can happen?
Erosion can be caused by gravity, water, ice, and wind.
Fossils are only found in what type of rock?
sedimentary rock.
When an igneous rock cools slowly, what size of crystals does it form?
Large crystals
What causes mountains to move over time.
Tectonic plates that the mountains are attached to move.
What is the difference between the epicenter and the focus of an earthquake?
The epicenter is where the volcano originated on the surface of the Earth and the focus is where it originated underground.
What does the term "frost wedging" mean?
when water can seep into the cracks or rocks. When that water freezes it expands and breaks open the rock or causes bigger cracks.
How does the law of superposition tell what layer of rock is older and which is younger?
Older layers are on the bottom and younger layers are on the top.
What are the three major types of rocks?
Igneous, metamorphic, sedimentary
What is the cause for mountains to grow?
Tectonic plates push against each other and are forced upward.
What is the difference between a P-wave and an S-wave?
A P-wave can move through all materials and is the fastest and a S-wave only moves through solids and is slower.
What does the term "oxidation" mean?
the process when chemicals in a substance bond with oxygen and cause it to change.
How does an index fossil help paleontologists?
Index fossils are common fossils found only on a certain layer of rock and help determine the age of the rock surrounding it.