Show:
Volcanic Structures and Materials
Sedimentary Rocks
Weathering and Soil
Sedimentary Processes
Vocabulary
100
Compare and contrast volcanic ash, lapilli, and volcanic bombs.
What are pyroclastic particles less than 2 mm (ash), between 2 - 64 mm (lapilli), and larger than 64 mm (bombs)?
100
Types of environments that the grains in sandstone might have accumulated.
What are beaches or deserts?
100
Compare weathering and erosion.
What is breaking down and altering rock materials (weathering) and removal of weathered material from their source area (erosion)?
100
The two kinds of sediment.
What is detrital and chemical?
100
Sheet Joint
What are fractures caused by the expansion of rock from pressure release?
200
Definition of a supervolcano and an example.
What is any volcano capable of erupting hundreds of cubic kilometers of pyroclastic materials? An example is the supervolcano below Yellowstone National Park.
200
Compare and contrast conglomerate and breccia.
What is both are detrital rocks and both are composed of gravel sized grains? Breccia grain shape is angular and forms near faults and volcanoes. Conglomerate grain shape is round and forms in stream channels and alluvial fans.
200
An accumulation of coarse, angular fragments at the base of a slope
What is talus?
200
Example of carbonate rocks and what makes up carbonate rocks.
What is limestone or dolostone, and all carbonate rocks are made up of minerals that contain the carbonate radical?
200
Volcanic Explosivity Index
What is a scale for the size of a volcanic eruption based on evaluation of volume of material erupted and height of the eruption cloud?
300
Pahoehoe, aa, columnar joints, pillow lava
What are the products of passive volcanic eruptions?
300
Chemical sedimentary rock that forms by intense weathering of feldspar.
What is kaolinite?
300
Factors that control the rate of weathering.
What are the presence of fractures, particle size, climate, and parent material?
300
Describe the process of lithification.
What is the sediment is compacted by the pressure of overlying sediment then the sediments are cemented together, usually by calcite and silica?
300
Pyroclastic Sheet Deposit
What is sheetlike deposit of felsic pyroclastic materials erupted from fissures?
400
The Circum-Pacific Belt, Mediterranean Belt, and Mid-Oceanic Ridges
What are the regions where the most volcanic activity occurs?
400
The difference between orthochemical and biochemical sedimentary rocks.
What is orthochemical is a chemical rock composed of inorganic materials? Biochemical is a chemical rock composed of organic materials.
400
Horizons that contain topsoil, subsoil, and humus respectively.
What are the zone of leeching, zone of accumulation, and O Horizon?
400
List and describe the different sedimentary structures.
What is cross bedding, graded bedding, ripple marks, and mud cracks? Cross bedding is when layers are arranged at an angle to the surface. Graded bedding is when layering shows an upward decrease in grain size. Ripple marks are ridges with intervening troughs. Mud cracks intersecting fractures in dry clay-rich sediments.
400
Marine Transgression
What is a rise in sea level or subsidence of the land?
500
How basalt plateaus formed and two examples.
What is the lava from fissure eruptions that builds up over flat areas? Columbia River basalt, Iceland, Snake River Plain.
500
Describe how bauxite forms and what information it can give about the environment it is found.
What is intense weathering of kaolinite in tropical environments? The location of bauxite tells us that the environment used to be a tropical region.
500
This type of soil undergoes less chemical weathering, water transports down and quickly back up to the surface, and has a larger C horizon.
What is pedocal soil?
500
Describe the steps in creating sedimentary rocks.
What is weathering, transport, deposition, and lithification?
500
Evaporate Rock and examples
What is a rock formed by the precipitation of minerals during evaporation of water? Examples are halite and rock gypsum.