chemistry basics
What are the parts of an atom?
Neutron
Electron
Proton
Minerals are naturally occurring, ________ solids with a definite chemical composition and an orderly crystal structure. Fill in the blank.
Inorganic
What is melted rock above ground?
Lava
What 2 things are generally needed to metamorphose a rock?
Heat and pressure
What forms from cementing sediment?
sedimentary rocks
What color is kaolin?
White
A rock is a naturally occurring, solid aggregate of one or more ________. Fill in the blank.
Minerals
Which process has more to do with the movement of sediment?
Erosion
What is the study of fossils called?
Paleontology
What texture type does granite have?
Phaneritic
Which metamorphic rock is also considered a gemstone
Garnet
What is an igneous rock that forms below ground called?
Intrusive
What type of bond shares electrons?
Covalent
__________ results from the movement of atoms or ions through a solid to arrange into a new crystal structure. Fill in the blank.
Solid state diffusion
What is melted rock below Earth called?
Magma
What types of metamorphism happen because of far-reaching tectonic forces?
Regional
What are the 3 main things that weather and erode the earth?
Wind
Water
Ice
What kind of cleavage does mica have?
Flat
What are the 3 main types of rocks?
Igneous
Sedimentary
Metamorphic
____________ the process by which surface sediment is incorporated into a fluid flow (such as air, water, or even ice) as part of the operation of erosion.
Entrainment
What is the process of forming a fossil called?
Fossilization
Where are good places to find obsidian
Recent fast cooling volcanic flows
Which metamorphic rock has mica in it and looks like its covered in glitter?
Schist
Can glass be considered a igneous rock?
Yes
What type of bond dissolves well in water?
Ionic
What are the characteristics we use to identify minerals?
Color
Streak
Hardness
What are the factors that affect the melting point of rock?
Pressure
Composition
Water content
Melting point of constituent elements
Metamorphic ______ refers to the degree to which a rock has been altered during metamorphism. Fill in the blank
Grade
Which is the largest sediment type?
Sand
What is the hardness of quartz?
7
_________ is the continuous process by which rocks transform from one type to another over geological time. Fill in the blank
Rock cycle
Burial creates what in geology (there are a couple of right answers), just get the jist and you’ll be fine
Fossils
Sedimentary rocks
Bodies in the ground
Which is an example of a trace fossil?
A footprint of a dinosaur
Which stone is most likely to be used as a exfoliant?
Pumice
Which metamorphic rock is mined in north georgia and is found in my hometown?
Marble
Rocks with crystals too small to be seen with the naked eye, often found in extrusive igneous rocks are called what?
Aphanitic
Why do chemical reactions happen? As in, why do chemical reactions occur in the first place? Chemicals seeking …..?
Seeking greater stability
What are the faces that typically bound a crystal called?
Crystal faces
What do we call a melt with a high iron and magnesium content?
Mafic
When an igneous intrusion heats up the surrounding rock and causes metamorphosis, what kind of metamorphosis is that?
Contact
Which is the smallest sediment type
Clay
What crystal shape is staurolite?
Cruciform
What does texture refer to in regards to rocks?
The arrangement of crystals
What is lithification
Transformation of loose sediment into stone
What is needed for a fossil to form?
Quick burial
Not being disturbed
Lack of oxygen
Lack of scavenging
Where can andesite be found?
The Andes Mountains
What rock is often confused with quartzite?
Marble
What 3 places were formed from igneous rocks rising from the ocean?
Probably more
Iceland
Japan
Hawaii
What type of bond is very conductive?
Metallic
What is it called when a melt turns into a rock?
Solidification
What was the other city that was destroyed by Mount Vesuvius along with pompeii?
Herculaneum
________ is when minerals change size and shape, but the chemical composition stays the same.
Recrystallization
What type of animal is most likely to create organic sediment when it dies?
Anything with a large amount of hard, bony parts
Which is not one of the most common minerals in the world?
Kaolin
In what order does the process from the number rock cycle 300 occur?
Any
___________ is the phase of lithification in which cement, consisting of minerals that precipitate from groundwater, partially or completely fills the spaces between layers and attaches each grain to its neighbor. Fill in the blank.
Cementation
What was the name of the giant sea scorpion?
Eurypterid
What kind of texture does rhyolite have?
Aphanitic
Which rock is used for roofing?
Slate
What is the texture made from gas bubbles escaping igneous rocks called?
Vesicles