Geology Unit Test

Sedimentary Rock

100

What kind of sediments are sedimentary rocks formed from? 

Sand, clay, silt, and gravel  

200

What are the 2 processes that have to take place for a sedimentary rock to form?  

Compaction (Pressure) and Cementation (glue) 

300

What is compaction?  

Sediments are squeezed together from the weight of the layers above.  

400

What is cementation?  

Sediments are "glued" together by dissolved minerals.  

500

Sedimentary rocks form in layers, which layers are the oldest?  

The bottom layers 

Fossil Fuels

100

What are the 3 types of fossil fuel?  

coal, oil or natural gas

200

What type of Fossil fuels formed where there were thick swamps and vegetation?  

coal

300

What type of fossil fuels formed where there were shallow seas?

Oil and or natural gas

400

What is coal formed from?  

Plants 

500

What is oil and natural gas formed from?  

Plants and animals 

Soil

100

Which soil has the smallest particle size?  

Clay

200

Clay has small particles.  Does this help it retain water?  

Because the particles are so small, they stick close together and block water from getting through. Clay will retain water for a long time.  

300

Which Soil has the largest particle size?  

Sand

400

Sand has larger particles found in soil.  Does this help it retain water?  

Sand does not retain water.  It has a lot of space between the particles, and water can easily drain through.  

500

All soil is made of... 

minerals which come from broken down pieces of rock or sediments in different sizes.  

Weathering/Erosion/Deposition

100

What is the process that moves sediments to new locations called?  

Erosion 

200

What is the process that drops sediments in new locations called?  

Deposition 

300

What is the process that breaks down rock into sediments called?  

weathering 

400

What is a constructive Process? 

One that builds up new land

500

What is a destructive process?  

One that breaks down and or carries away sediment. 

Landforms

100

Which Landforms are formed by deposition? 

Delta, Barrier Island, Cave or Sand dunes 

200

Which landforms agent of change is wind?  

Sand dunes

300

What is an example of a landform created by erosion due to water?  

Canyon, V-shaped Valley, Sea Cliff, Sea Arch, Sea Cave, Sea Stack 

400

What is an example of a landform created by erosion due to ice? 

U-shaped Valley 

500

What is an example of a landform being shaped by a destructive force?  

Any landform shaped by weathering and erosion