Rocks
Which type of rock has visible air bubbles?
Extrusive igneous
What does it mean to say that a mineral has crystalline form?
Molecules that make it up are arranged in specific geometric shapes.
Who developed the theory of continental drift?
Alfred Wegener
What is a normal fault?
A break in the crust where two pieces of crust move away from each other. One piece slides over the other.
What type of boundary to stratovolcanoes usually forma along?
Convergent boundaries.
What are the three types of sedimentary rocks?
Clastic, chemical, and biochemical.
What does it mean to say that a mineral has fracture?
It breaks in an uneven/irregular way.
What happens at a convergent boundary between two pieces of continental crust? Name a real world example.
Mountain ranges are created. Ex: Himalayas.
What is the difference between the focus of an earthquake and the epicenter?
The focus is where the earthquake originates, and the epicenter is the point on the surface directly above the focus.
Why do shield volcanoes not have explosive eruptions?
They have low viscosity magma.
Define biochemical sedimentary rocks and give one example.
Rocks that are formed by organisms or contain the remains of organisms.
Examples: coal or limestone.
What is the name of the process by which minerals form?
What happens at a convergent boundary between oceanic crust and continental crust?
The oceanic plate subducts under the continental plate, causing volcanoes to form on the edge of the continental crust.
Which type of seismic wave causes the most destruction on the surface of the Earth?
Surface waves.
What is the definition of a volcano?
Describe the two types of metamorphic rocks.
Foliated (stripes) and nonfoliated (no stripes).
What are the 6 tests used to identify minerals?
1. Color
2. Luster
3. Streak
4. Cleavage/Fracture
5. Hardness
6. Density
What is seafloor spreading and what type of boundary does it occur at?
Magma rises from the mantle at divergent boundaries in the ocean and creates new crust - pushes older crust away.
Which type of seismic wave CANNOT travel through liquid
S-Waves
What are the three regions where volcanoes are found?
Divergent boundaries, convergent boundaries, and hot spots.
What are the 5 steps for the formation of clastic sedimentary rocks? (explain each step)
1. Weathering
2. Erosion
3. Deposition
4. Compaction
5. Cementation
What are the 5 properties of minerals?
1. Naturally occurring
2. Definite chemical composition
3. Crystalline form
4. Solid
5. Inorganic
Name the three pieces of evidence used to support the idea of continental drift and explain each.
1. Fossil evidence
2. Glacial evidence
3. Geologic evidence
Describe how scientists can map the interior of the earth using seismic waves.
Scientists measure the angle that waves are bent as they pass through layers with different densities. They also looked at the size of the S-Wave "shadow zone" to determine the size of the liquid outer core.
Describe a cinder cone volcano.
Small volcanoes which have explosive eruptions powered by magma which has a high gas content. When they erupt, they throw solid pieces of ash called "cinders" into the air.