Deductive Reasoning
Define Deductive Reasoning.
Deductive: general to specific
Define Inductive Reasoning.
Inductive: specific to general
A conditional statement is comprised of these two parts.
If, then statements.
All birds can fly.
If it is true, explain why.
If it is false, give a counterexample.
False. Kiwis, Emus, and Ostriches.
The flamingos here are all pink.
All flamingos I’ve ever seen are pink.
We can then assume this about flamingos.
That all flamingos are pink.
If this, then that. What are the "this" and "that"?
This is a condition/hypothesis. That is the conclusion.
Deductive Reasoning is commonly used in tandem with this kind of statement.
Conditional Statements
Michael just moved here from Chicago. Michael has red hair. Therefore, all people from Chicago have red hair.
How can we disprove this assumption?
Someone from Chicago with brown hair.
Conditional Statements usually will use this type of reasoning.
Deductive Reasoning
All students who study for this exam will get an A. You are a student. What conclusion could you make?
[answers may vary] You should study!
By only seeing a couple of dominos falling, we can assume that a domino will fall after each domino. Small idea to a blanket rule.
Conditional Statements are also written as "If p, then q," or p-->q. What is it called when we have "If q, then p," or q-->p.
The Converse Statement
What is it called when deductive reasoning is wrong?
Logical fallacy
This is the next number in the pattern
45, 21, 9, 3...
0
The rule was (n-3)/2
If p, then q. Given that it is raining is true and it is cloudy is false, is the statement true or false.
If it is raining, then it is cloudy.
False