Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
What is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Prokaryotes lack a defined nucleus and eukaryotes have a defined nucleus
What are the differences between animal and plant cells?
Cell wall, chloroplasts, and large vacuole in plants
What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?
The nucleus controls the cell's activities and contains the genetic material (DNA).
Where are proteins packaged in the cell for transport?
The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles.
What is the main function of the plasma membrane?
The plasma membrane controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell.
Where do prokaryotes store genetic material?
Nucleoid
In terms of energy production, what is the role of chloroplasts in plant cells, and why are they not found in animal cells?
Chloroplasts are organelles in plant cells that perform photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose. They are not found in animal cells because animals do not perform photosynthesis; instead, they obtain energy by consuming other organisms.
What is the role of mitochondria in a cell?
Mitochondria are known as the "powerhouses" of the cell; they produce energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration.
What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?
The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the synthesis and modification of lipids and detoxification
What are centrioles, and what role do they play in cell division?
Centrioles are involved in cell division; they help organize the microtubules that separate chromosomes during mitosis.
Where do eukaryotes store genetic material?
Nucleus
What is a large central vacuole used for in plant cells?
The large central vacuole in plant cells stores water, nutrients, and helps maintain turgor pressure.
What organelle is responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells?
Chloroplasts are responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells, converting sunlight into energy.
What do lysosomes contain, and what is their primary function?
Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes and are responsible for breaking down waste materials and cellular debris.
What is the difference between rough and smooth ER?
Rough ER has ribosomes on its surface and is involved in protein synthesis and modification, while smooth ER has no ribosomes and is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification.
Which organisms, prokaryotes or eukaryotes are usually unicellular?
Prokaryotes
Is this a plant or animal cell? why?
Plant, it has a cell wall, chloroplasts, and large central vacuole
What is the purpose of the cell membrane?
The cell membrane regulates what enters and leaves the cell, providing protection and maintaining homeostasis.
What organelle is involved in the production of ATP?
Mitochondria are involved in the production of ATP through the process of cellular respiration.
What is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells regarding organelles?
Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles (like the nucleus, mitochondria, and Golgi apparatus), while prokaryotic cells do not.
What is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Prokaryotes lack a defined nucleus and eukaryotes have a defined nucleus
Are animal cells typically round or rectangular in shape?
Animal cells are typically round, while plant cells are usually rectangular.
What is the function of ribosomes?
Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis, translating mRNA into proteins.
What is the function of vacuoles in plant cells?
Vacuoles store nutrients, waste products, and help maintain turgor pressure in plant cells.
What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?
The rough endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the modification of proteins