Atmosphere
Planets
Stars
Moons, Comets, Asteroids
Miscellaneous
100

This is the lowest level of the atmosphere

What is the troposphere 

100

This planet has the greenhouse effect

What is Venus?

100

Many people think stars do this (they don't); it's even in a popular children's song

What is twinkle?

100

He was the first person on the moon

Who was Neil Armstrong?

100

This was the century in which the Galilean moons were discovered

What is the 17th?

200

This is the main component of the Earth's atmosphere

What is nitrogen?

200

This type of planet is closest to the sun

What is terrestrial?

200

The sun is this type of star

What is a dwarf star?

200

This was the mission in which America first landed on the moon

What is Apollo 11?

200

On Mars is this, the largest volcano in the solar system

What is Olympus Mons?

300

Roughly this percent (to the nearest 10%) of Earth's atmosphere is located in the troposphere

What is 80%?

300

This used to be a planet

What is Pluto?

300

This is the approximate number of stars in the Milky Way (to the nearest hundred billion)

What is 200-400 billion? 

(note: acceptable answers: 200 billion, 300 billion, 400 billion)

300

This separates the terrestrial and Jovian planets

What is an asteroid belt?

300

This type of eclipse is when the moon passes between the sun and Earth

What is a solar eclipse?

400

This is the heat source of the stratosphere; it's currently being destroyed :)

What is the ozone layer?

400

This planet has the most potential for life, after Earth

What is Mars?

400

This is the name of the largest known star

What is Canis Majoris?

400

This is the largest Kuiper Belt Object

What is Pluto?

400

Cryovolcanism is when a volcano spews this instead of lava

What is ice?

500

This gas is highly prominent in the composition and atmosphere of two Jovian planets, making them appear blue

What is methane?

500

These two planets are also called "ice giants"

What are Uranus and Neptune?

500

This is the name for when the Earth is at its farthest from the sun

What is aphelion?

500

This is the number of moons of Jupiter

What is 67?

500

According to the nebular hypothesis, the sun and planets formed from this

What is a solar nebula?