Minerals & Rocks
Be solid, Crystalline, In organic and naturally formed
Be solid, Crystalline, In organic and naturally formed
Crust, Mantle, Core
Name the three compositional layers of Earth.
Divergent boundary
What boundary forms when plates move apart?
They lived for a short time and are found widely, helping match ages of rock layers.
Why are index fossils useful for relative dating?
Freezing and thawing, abrasion, plant roots, etc.
Give one example of mechanical weathering.
Streak
What mineral property tells you the color of the powder?
Continental crust
Which crust is thicker—oceanic or continental?
Mountains
What major landform can form at continental–continental convergence?
Mesozoic Era
What era is the Age of Dinosaurs?
Movement of sediment by wind, water, ice, or gravity.
What is erosion?
Intrusive igneous rocks (e.g., granite)
Which igneous rock type forms underground, cools slowly, and has large crystals?
Convection currents
What process in the mantle causes tectonic plates to move?
Transform boundary
Which boundary produces earthquakes like the San Andreas Fault?
Absolute dating (radioactive decay)
What kind of dating gives the actual age of a rock?
Delta, sand dune
Name a landform created by deposition.
Weathering → Erosion → Deposition → Compaction → Cementation
List the five steps needed to form sedimentary rocks
Outer core
Which part of the core is liquid?
One type of evidence Wenger used for continental drift?
Eon → Era → Period → Epoch
Name geologic time scale in order?
A horizon (topsoil)
Which soil horizon contains the most nutrients?
Foliated: Have visible layers or bands
Non‑foliated: No layers; minerals are randomly arranged
Difference between foliated and non‑foliated metamorphic rocks?
Lithosphere Vs Asthenosphere
Seafloor spreading
What process creates new ocean floor at divergent boundaries?
Phanerozoic Eon
Which eon do we live in today?
Coal
What fossil fuel forms from swamp plants under heat and pressure?