Patho
This muscular structure between the esophagus and stomach normally prevents stomach contents from flowing backward?
A. Pyloric sphincter
B. Lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
C. Cardiac sphincter
D. Upper esophageal sphincter
What is Lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
Which medication class is most commonly prescribed as first-line therapy to reduce stomach acid in GERD?
A. Proton pump inhibitors
B. Antiemetics
C. Antihistamines
D. Antispasmodics
What is Proton Pump inhibitors
Which intervention helps reduce reflux at night?
A. Lower the head of the bed
B. Elevate the head of the bed 30–45°
C. Have the patient lie flat after meals
Elevate the head of the bed 30–45°
This is a common symptom of someone with GERD.
A. headache
B. heartburn or burning in chest
C. rash on skin
D. joint pain
B. Heartburn or burning in chest
These conditions or procedures can contribute or cause GERD. SATA
A) GASTRIC SLEEVE weight loss surgery
B) SLEEP APNEA
C) HTN
D) OBESITY
E) HIATAL HERNIA
F) CONSTIPATION
A B D E
The primary irritant that causes inflammation and burning in the esophagus during GERD is?
A. Pepsin
B. Bile
C. Gastric acid
D. Amylase
What is Gastric acid
Which medication provides quick, short term relief of heartburn symptoms by neutralizing stomach acid?
A. Omeprazole
B. Famotidine
C. Aluminum hydroxide
D. Sucralfate
What is Aluminum hydroxide
How should GERD patients eat to reduce symptoms?
A. Three large meals a day
B. Skip breakfast
C. Small, frequent meals
Small frequent meals
This habit can make symptoms of GERD worse.
A. eating small frequent meals.
B. lying down right after eating.
C. walking after meals.
D. drinking plenty of water.
B. lying down right after eating.
Is GERD caused by too little ACID OR TOO MUCH ACID?
Chronic irritation from acid reflux can lead to cellular changes in the esophagus known as:
A. Barrett’s esophagus
B. Peptic ulcer disease
C. Hiatal hernia
D. Esophageal varices
What is Barrett’s esophagus
What is its mechanism of action of Famotidine in GERD treatment.
A. Blocks histamine-2 receptors to reduce acid secretion
B. Coats the esophagus to protect from acid
C. Neutralizes acid in the stomach
D. Stimulates gastric motility
Blocks histamine-2 receptors to reduce acid secretion
Which foods should a patient with GERD avoid?
A. Spicy foods, caffeine, chocolate, fatty foods
B. Apples, rice, toast
C. Oatmeal and bananas
Spicy foods, caffeine, chocolate, fatty foods
These types of food should be avoided.
A. Bananas
B. oatmeal
C. spicy/fried foods
D.vegetables
C. spicy/fried foods
What is the name of our ''anti reflux valve
lower Esophageal sphincter LES
GERD results from a combination of which physiological factors?
A. Decreased bile secretion, low stomach acid, increased gastric motility
B. LES incompetence, increased intra-abdominal pressure, impaired esophageal clearance
C. Hyperactive LES, decreased stomach acid, increased peristalsis
D. Bile reflux, low pepsin levels, high pancreatic enzyme secretion
LES incompetence, increased intra-abdominal pressure, impaired esophageal clearance
Which medication forms a protective barrier over ulcers and irritated mucosa?
A. Metoclopramide
B. Sucralfate
C. Lansoprazole
D. Calcium carbonate
What is Sucralfate
What should the patient avoid doing for 2–3 hours after meals?
A. Sitting upright
B. Lying down
C. Drinking water
Lying down
This is when should you call you healthcare provider about GERD symptoms.
A. if symptoms occur once a month.
B. if you have mild to moderate symptoms after a big meal.
C. if heartburn happens daily with nausea/vomiting.
D. symptoms subside with antacids
C. if heartburn happens daily with nausea/vomiting.
What does GERD mimic
Heart Attack! The chest pain from GERD is one of the most mistaken for when patients come to the ER.
Which condition most increases the risk of developing GERD by raising intra-abdominal pressure and promoting reflux?
A. Chronic kidney disease
B. Obesity
C. Hyperthyroidism
D. Iron-deficiency anemia
What is obesity
A nurse is caring for a client taking omeprazole daily for GERD. Which long term complication should the nurse monitor for?
A. Hypokalemia
B. Vitamin B12 deficiency
C. Hypertension
D. Weight gain
What is Vitamin B12 deficiency
Which lifestyle change can improve GERD symptoms?
A. Increase smoking and drinking
B. Continue all habits
C. Stop smoking and limit alcohol
Stop smoking and limit alcohol
This can help reduce nighttime symptoms of GERD.
A. raising head of bed 6-8 inches
B. sleeping flat on your back.
C. Drinking a cup of warm coffee before bed.
D. eating a snack before bed.
A. raising head of bed 6-8 inches
Besides medication what can help with GERD. (u will never guess this one)
CHEWING GUM!!! Why? because it increases saliva production, which helps neutralize acid.