Dementia
Name 1 common clinical assessment tool used for diagnosis of dementia/cognitive impairment.
MMSE (mini mental state exam)
MoCA (Montreal Cognitive Assessment)
Distraction, redirection, structured routines are all examples of what type of intervention for behavior management?
Non-pharmacological
The regular use of at least 5 medications with an increased risk of adverse medical outcomes
Polypharmacy
When starting a new medication in a geriatric patient, you should start at a _____ dose and titrate the dose _______.
Low
slowly
What classic car was first revealed to the public at the 1964 World’s Fair in New York?
Ford Mustang
What the medication class is considered the first-line treatment option for mild-moderate Alzheimer’s?
Cholinesterase inhibitors
Name two examples of behavioral/psychological symptoms patients with dementia can experience
Psychosis (delusions/hallucinations), agitation, depression (apathy), anxiety
A criteria used to determine if a medication may be inappropriate to use in geriatric patients
AGS Beers ® criteria
A majority of the geriatric population is known to be frail. Usually, the body fat ___________ and muscle mass ___________ with age.
Increases, decreases
What was the most popular dance style in 1955?
Swing or jitterbug
What medication class is FDA approved for moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease and works by antagonizing NMDA receptors?
Memantine (Namenda ®)
What medication class has a FDA black-box warning for use in elderly patients with dementia?
Antipsychotics
(atypical/2nd generation antipsychotics (2005)
(typical/1st generation antipsychotics (2008)
CNS active medications, Opioids/Benzodiazepine, and _______ are medication classes that are preferred to avoid or reduce in elderly patients.
Anticholinergic medications
Absorption, a pharmacokinetic principle, changes as patients age. Specifically in the GI tract, what change can lead to a delay medication absorption?
Delay in gastric emptying (decreased motility)
Who sang the 1950’s classic song “Tutti Frutti”?
Little Richard
What is the name of 1 of the 2 medications approved by the FDA and are currently on the market for cognitive impairment/mild dementia?
What second generation (atypical) antipsychotic is preferred in patients with Lewy body dementia and/or Parkinson’s disease?
Quetiapine (Seroquel ®)
Name two medications on Beers ® criteria
Examples: doxazosin, oxybutynin, zolpidem, zaleplon, methocarbamol, cyclobenzaprine, paroxetine, amitriptyline, clonidine, amiodarone, digoxin, diazepam, metoclopramide, meperidine, NSAIDs, glimepiride, glyburide, diphenhydramine, estrogens, quetiapine, haloperidol, olanzapine
What pharmacokinetic principle, in a geriatric patient, leads to a reduction in drug removal from the body allowing for an increase in drug bioavailability?
Excretion (ADME)
What new summer fashion was introduced in 1946?
Bikini
Name a medication indicated for the treatment of moderate Alzheimer’s and a common side effect of this medication.
Donepezil (Aricept ®)
Rivastigmine (Exelon ®)
Galantamine (Radazyme®)
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, bradycardia
Name the two preferred selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for use in elderly with depression and/or anxiety in addition to their dementia diagnosis?
Sertraline (Zoloft ®), citalopram (Celexa ®)
Give an example of a medication/medication class that could be discontinued when a patient is moved into a memory care facility due to end-stage dementia?
Medication treating a chronic condition that won’t affect their quality of life- ie. ASA, statins, PPIs, donepezil
Geriatric patients have an increased risk of developing orthostatic hypotension. This can be explained by which cardiovascular pharmacodynamics mechanism?
Decrease in baroreceptor reflex response
Which singer has the most Billboard No.1 singles during the 1940s?
Bing Crosby