Aminoglycosides
What are the names of the three Aminoglycoside drugs?
Gentamicin
Amikacin
Neomycin
What are the names of the three Macrolide drugs?
Erythromycin
Tylosin
Azithromycin
What are the names of the two Tetracyclines?
Doxycycline
What are the names of the two Sulfonamide drugs?
Sulfadiazine
Trimethoprimsulfamethoxuzole (TMP-SMX)
What are the large and small animal uses of Aminoglycosides?
LA: Long withdrawal, residue and nephrotoxicity concerns
SA: Severe gram negative infections, monitor kidneys, not for routine use.
What antibacterial class are Aminoglycosides? What is their activity spectrum?
Bactericidal
Broad
What antibacterial class are Macrolides? What is their activity spectrum?
Bacteriostatic
Broad
What antibacterial class are Macrolides? What is their activity spectrum?
Bacteriostatic
Broad
What is the antibacterial class are Sulfonamides? What is their activity spectrum?
Bactericidal
Broad
What are the large and small animal uses for Macrolides?
LA: Bovine respiratory disease, long-acting, observe withdrawal
SA: Respiratory and skin infections
What is the mechanism of activity for Aminoglycosides?
Protein synthesis inhibitor
30s
What is the mechanism of activity for Macrolides?
Protein Synthesis Inhibitors
50S
What is the mechanism of activity for Macrolides?
Protein synthesis inhibitor
30s
What is the mechanism of activity for Sulfonamides?
Antimetabolites
Folic acid synthesis
What are the large and small animal uses for Tetracyclines?
LA: Respiratory disease, anaplasmosis, cost-effective
SA: Doxycycline is preferred for tick-borne diseases
What are the adverse effects of Aminoglycoside usage?
Neprotoxicity
Ototoxicity
What are the adverse effects of using Macrolides?
GI disturbance
What are the adverse effects of using Tetracyclines?
GI disturbance, acute cardiotoxicity, discoloration of teeth
What are the adverse effects of using Sulfonamides?
What are the large and small animal uses for Sulfonamides?
LA: Enteric and respiratory disease, cost-effective
SA: UTI, GI, respiratory infections
What level of tissue penetration do Aminoglycosides offer? Are they effective orally?
Poor.
No.
What is the level of lung protection Macrolides provide?
Excellent!
What Tetracycline is used for tick-borne diseases in companion animals?
Doxycycline
How do you pronounce TMP-SMX?
Tri-metho-primsulfa-methox-azole
A dog is presented several hours after being started on an antibiotic for a bacterial infection. The owner reports that the dog became suddenly weak and lethargic after treatment. On examination, the veterinarian is concerned about a serious drug-associated cardiac adverse effect and immediately reviews the antibiotic history.
Which antibiotic class is most strongly associated with acute cardiotoxicity in the lecture?