Gerunds
Being a marathoner, running is my favorite sport.
running
The panting dog panted after stealing the mailman's pants.
panting
Cassie's favorite activity is hunting Mike for his pencils.
hunting
The scared monkey swung quickly from tree to tree.
scared
Gerunds and participles are verbs.
incorrect
Having trained for many years, breathing is my companion while running.
breathing, running
The conniving Michael hastily made for the loot.
conniving
Leaping and swinging are a marmoset's main activities in the treetops.
leaping, swinging
Mike ran, shaken and exhausted by the fact that Cassie took almost all of his sharpened pencils.
shaken, exhausted, and sharpened
Gerunds function as nouns, and participles as adjectives.
correct
The problem with sports today is too much conditioning involving the aids of illegal substance.
conditioning
Ivica, having thought about it for many days, asked Ivana out.
having thought
I hope Ivana appreciates my respecting her enemy.
respecting
The guy wearing the monkey costume is Igor.
wearing
The forms of participles are present, past, and future.
incorrect
Sprinting is much harder than running for me.
sprinting, running
Having been a thief, Boris knew all of the tricks of the trade.
having been
60 + 7 =
67
After running from the cops, Mike returned his stolen pencils.
stolen
Gerunds only end in -ing.
correct
After running a long distance, I feel I'm being tired out much more quickly than when my running is a shorter distance.
running 2x
Jumping from tree to tree, the jumping jumpers jumped one too many times.
jumping 2x
Why do monkeys enjoy swinging so much?
swinging
Monkeys introduced to swinging on vines early will develop extraordinary agility skills.
introduced
1. After being treated...
2. After having been treated....
What are these?
Is there a big difference in meaning?
Gerunds.
1. passive gerund.
2. passive perfect gerund.
There is not a huge difference in meaning, but the perfect emphasizes more on BEFORE