Mach
What was Mach's field of study?
Experimental physics, mathematics, and philosophy
What was Wertheimer's field before psychology?
Music (playing the violin & composing music)
Who were the two psychologists Koffka worked with?
Werthimer and Kohler
Köhler became the head of the psychological institute at which institution?
The University of Berlin
Which psychologists inspired Lewin's work?
Stumpf, Wertheimer, and Köhler
Which famous scientist was inspired by Mach's work?
Albert Einstein
Who were Wertheimer's assistants and joint founders of Gestalt psychology?
Köhler and Koffka
What were the three illusions Koffka came up with?
Koffka Ring, Müller Illusion, and Ponzo Illusion
What animals did Kohler work with?
Chimpanzees
Which area of Lewin's research is the most referenced today?
Organizational Development / Industrial/Organizational psychology
What aspect of time did Mach and Newton disagree on?
Mach believed time was subjective, while Newton believed it was objective.
Which of Wertheimer's publications sparked the start of the Gestalt school?
Experimental Studies of the Perception of Movement (1912)
Which of Koffka's personal attributes inspired a study?
His colorblindness
What did Köhler's research emphasize?
Gradual learning through trial and error
According to Lewin's Social Construction of Reality theory, how do an individual's beliefs change?
Through re-education and free will
What were Mach's categories of space?
Primary, Secondary, Metric, Geometric
What is the Phi Phenomenon?
What did Koffka's work lead to?
The creation of Developmental Psychology
What was Köhler's insight learning?
The understanding of the relation between a problem and the solution
What were Lewin's steps for changing group behavior?
Unfreeze, change, freeze
Sensations are a combination of experience and how people process those experiences.
What are the basics of Wertheimer's concept of Pragnanz?
People will perceive and interpret ambiguous or complex images in the simplest form possible. They don't just collect information but try to restructure it in a way they understand.
What was different about Koffka's approach to perception compared to others of his time?
Psychologists of this time said that humans experience things in separate sensations, not as a whole sensation
What was the result of Kohler's animal research?
Chimpanzees also experienced sudden and profound insights into how to solve complex problems.
What needs to happen in the "change" phase of Lewin's theory for changing group behavior?
Change has to occur naturally. If management tries to push something, it'll only cause tension within the group.