Risk Factors & Complications
Modifiable Risk factors
What is
- BMI ≥30
- Sedentary Lifestyle
- Smoking
- Diet
Non pharmaceutical interventions
- Balanced diet ( Carb control, limit added sugars)
- ^ physical activity
- Stress reduction
- Sleep hygiene
Most common test used between 24-28 weeks to screen for gestational diabetes
What is the glucose intolerance test
What is Gestational Diabetes?
Glucose intolerance starting during pregnancy usually in the second or third trimester of pregnancy that was not present prior to gestation.
Gestational Diabetes occurs when the body can't produce enough of this hormone
What is insulin?
Non-Modifiable risk factors
What is
- Age (30/35)
- Ethnicity (minority groups are affected more than Caucasian pop (15% vs. 6%)
- PH/Family history of gestational diabetes
- PCOS
-Macrosomia (LGA > 9 lbs)
Pharmaceutical Interventions
- Insulin
- Oral Hypoglycemics (Metformin, Glyburide)
If the 1- hour glucose test is abnormal, this follow up test is ordered
What is the 3-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)
This fetal complication is associated with maternal hypergylcemia and excess fetal insulin
What is macrosomia?
This hormone made by the placenta, contributes to insulin resistance
What is Human Placental Lactogen (hPL)?
Neonatal complications
- macrosomia
- hypoglycemia
-shoulder dystocia
-respiratory distress syndrome
This tool helps patients track their glucose levels through the day
What is a self-monitoring blood glucose?
This term refers to blurry vision caused by fluid shifts in the eye due to elevated blood glucose.
What is diabetic retinopathy (or blurred vision)?
Which sulfonylurea has a greater chance of neonatal hypoglycemia?
What is Gylburide?
Maternal complication characterized by high blood pressure and proteinuria, is more common in women with GDM
What is preeclampsia?
This postpartum activity reduces maternal risk of developing T2DM
What is breastfeeding?
DAILY DOUBLE!!
The 3 poly's 2 symptoms,1 condition and and what they are
- Polydipsia (excessive thirst)
-Polyuria(increased urination)
- Polyhydrosis (excessive amniotic fluid)
What are the SMBG levels fasting and prostprandial (1-2 hrs post meals)?
What is
- Fasting ≤ 95 mg/dL
- 1-hour postprandial ≤ 140 mg/dL
- 2-hour postprandial ≤ 120 mg/dL
This organ is responisible for insulin production
What is the pancreas?
Maternal Complications (List 4)
- hypertension
- preeclampsia
- cesarean birth
- increased risk of developing DM
Target range for 1-hour postprandial glucose in GDM management recommended to reduce fetal risk.
What is ≤140 mg/dL?
This blood glucose level tends to indicate Gestational Diabetes
What is ≥ 92 mg/dL
DAILY DOUBLE!!
What % of pregnancies are affected by GDM?
What is 90-95%
This metabolic process ^ in late pregnancy, contributing to maternal insulin resitance
What is lipolysis?