What Dat Bean Do
The ectoderm begins to form the neural plate at ______ days gestation.
14 - 21
The spinal cord, roots, meninges herniate
T/F: CP presents as abnormal motor control & muscle tone in presence of underlying progressive disease
False ho.
Dystrophin improves _______ strength of the muscle cell membrane. Without dystrophin, elasticity is lost and ______ tissue replaces what should be muscle.
2. adipose
Katherine, Sarah and Annie all went to enjoy a night at K-tiz's friends house. Katherine had one too many te-kee-kees and blacked the heck out! The next morning, she rolled over in bed (Sarah had already snuck in over the night), and asked Sarah, "What the heck happened last night, I don't remember anything after Annie did that TikTok dance in the 2nd quarter"
What kind of amnesia is this ladies!!
Anterograde - loss of memory for events that occurred after injury/illness
Which of the following is not a disorder of neural induction:
a. anencephaly
b. holoprosencephaly
c. megalencephaly
d. neurocristopathies
c. megalencephaly
Generally speaking, what's the difference between having a T6-T9 lesion (higher level) versus having a S3-S5 lesion (lower level)?
With higher lesions, the patient will have greater muscle functional loss/more muscles affected, less opportunity for functional independence (probably more mobility aids as well)
What are the 2 major perinatal risk factors for the development of CP in children?
Bonus: Tell me the developmental milestones!
1. birth asphyxia (breech, cord problems, placental damage, etc.)
2. Rh or ABO incompatibility (jaundice leading to kernicterus - brain damage due to high bilirubin levels)
Bonus: head holding (2-3), rolls from prone (3-4) then supine (5-6), sits (6-8), crawls (9-10), stands (10-11), walks (12-15), runs ~2 yrs
You observe a child with MD walking. They demonstrate the physical aspects of the clinical presentation of a child with MD. What're some things you might notice about this child when he moves about?
Bonus: what's Gower's sign?
2. potbelly
3. weakness presents early on in calfs/proximal muscles so may have difficulty standing/ambulating for extended periods of time
4. Gower's sign - use supporting surfaces to get up/climb up on own body when getting up from floor
What's praxis?
Specialized motor programs, planning movements
What is the difference between an Arnold-Chiari & Dandy Walker malformation?
Bonus: what type of disorder is this?
1. Arnold-Chiari - herniation of cerebellum; Dandy Walker - hypoplasia of cerebellar vermis & enlarged 4th ventricle
Bonus: Ventricular/Posterior Fossa (happens around the neuronal migration phase of development)
A mother gets a blood draw at 16 weeks pregnant. The doctor tells her that her AFP levels are high, indicating that the fetus may have a ___________.
Neural tube defect
Jagger is a 5 y/o boy with spastic diplegia. He's super motivated, and walks around in forearm crutches while in the gym as he plays with his peers. Outside, where navigation of the ground is more difficult, he uses a wheelchair to preserve his energy. Which GMFCS classification is Jagger?
GMFCS level III
You are managing 2 children with MD - one has DMD, one has BMD. They are both 12 years old. How might your assistive device Rx differ between the two boys?
1. DMD - WC (probably won't be able to walk soon)
2. BMD - arm crutches, hand-held mobility aids (probably will still be walking for many years to come)
Prosopagnosia & visual agnosia can result from damage to which pathway:
a. ventral
b. dorsal
c. lateral
a. ventral - the "wut" pathway - connects visual info with meaning!
With regards to synaptogenesis, explain what is occurring with the synapses in the developing brain of a child who has Autism...
There is local over-connectivity and long range under-connectivity
A child with hydrocephalus will most likely benefit from this type of medical intervention to reduce the pressure from the fluid build up.
Ventriculo-peritoneal shunt
Generally speaking, in one sentence, tell me the physiology of spasticity...
Inhibition of alpha/gamma motor neurons are lost, alpha/gamma coactivation is heightened!
The mother of a 7 y/o boy comes to your clinic with a "hunch" that somethings just not right with her son, exclaiming, "He always walks on his toes, has quite a belly that he sticks out that I thought would go away by now, and his calves are massive. He just doesn't move around like his friends, so I brought him here so you movement experts can figure out what's going on." You come to the conclusion that this child probably has MD. To confirm, you refer to her PCP, where the doctor orders a blood test. What would the blood test show? (2 things)
Bonus: Which type of MD does this boy most likely have?
1. Elevated CK levels due to muscle breakdown
2. Lack of dystrophin
"Lost from memory" = _____________ dysfunction.
"Lost in memory" = ___________ dysfunction.
1. medial temporal dysfunction
2. subcortical dysfunction
Schizophrenia can result from a disorder of _______. (excessive or under _______)
Pruning!
Give me 2 aspects of clinical presentation that can characterize a child with Spina Bifida
1. variable paresis
2. sensory loss in dermatomes/roots
3. neurogenic bladder
4. UMN: spasticity, hypertonicity
5. LMN: flaccidity
6. scoliosis secondary to trunk mm weakness
Johnny, a 9 y/o male with CP, who has a concomitant dx of jaundice, and has been on a trial run of oral Baclofen in an effort to mitigate spasticity in his arms & legs. Unfortunately, this drug has not been effective for him. His parents want to try another drug before considering surgery. Which medication would be the next best line of treatment for Johnny to try?
Tizanidine
*not Dantrolene Sodium because that may cause liver failure
Bonus: In relation to this aforementioned question, which type of MD may incur a greater incidence of scoliosis?
1. DMD - respiratory; BMD - cardiac
2. DMD - more scoliosis, which enhances respiratory compromise
Does a cortical syndrome or subcortical syndrome affect language and semantics?