I'm measuring age by asking: "what year were you born." Is this a type of single or multiple measure?
Single measure
100
What is a population?
The universe of objects you are interested in generalizing about
100
What are three measures of central tendency?
The mean, the median, and the mode
100
We asked 12 people how many times they've been to the movies this year. For this sample, what is the range?
1, 3, 8, 7, 0, 4, 9, 5, 6, 0, 2, 1
9
200
What is measurement reliability?
The extent to which a measure will perform consistently. If a measure produces the same result when applied repeatedly, the measure is considered reliable.
200
An index and a scale are both types of composite measures. True / False
True
200
What is a sampling frame?
The list of the accessible population from which the sample is actually drawn
200
Complete the sentence regarding measures of central tendency:
Unlike the __________ , the _________is not affected by outliers.
Unlike the mean, the median is not affected by outliers.
200
What are three different measures of variability?
- Range, Variance, and Standard Deviation
300
What is measurement validity?
The extent to which a measure actually measures what we say we are measuring.
300
I'm asking people how many SNS they have profiles on. I provide a list of SNS, and for each one, they have to indicate 'yes' or 'no'. This is an example of....
An index
300
What are the four types of non-probability sampling? Give examples for when you'd use one of those.
The variance is a measure of how far each score in a distribution is away from the mean
300
We know that baby birth weight is a variable that is quite normally distributed. My baby's birth weight was 7 pound, which is the mean for baby birth weight. I know that the median baby weight will be about...
7 pounds (in a normal distribution, the mean, median and mode are very close to each other)
400
What are four types of validity arguments you can make? Give an example for one of them.
Four types of validity arguments:
1. Face validity
2. Criterion-related (predictive) validity
3. Construct validity
4. Content validity
400
What are 2 advantages of a scale versus an index?
- A scale can include indicators on different levels, whereas an index can only include nominal level indicators
- In a scale, different items can be given different weights
400
What two factors does sampling error depend on? how should those factors align to reduce sampling error?
Sampling error depends on sample size and diversity of population. The greater the sample size and the more homogenous the population, the lower the sampling error
400
Why do we prefer to use a standard deviation over the variance?
The variance depends on how something is measured, and it can't be compared across different examples. The standard deviation allows us to compare across different scales that are measured differently.
400
Which of those two samples has the larger variance:
Sample A: 0, 0, 0, 25, 50, 50, 50
Sample B: 0, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 50
Sample A. Variance measures how far each score in a distribution is away from the mean.
500
What is the relationship between reliability and validity? Exemplify by depicting them on 3 bulls-eyes
- Reliable but not valid
- Reliable and valid
- Unreliable and hence not valid
500
What is scale reliability? what makes for high scale reliability?
Scale reliability is a measure of the internal consistency or homogeneity of the items within a scale. A scale is internally consistent if its items are highly correlated with each other.
500
Provide examples for the following categories: population, study population, sampling frame, sample, respondent
Population: People who live in the United States
Study population: People who live in the US with a phone number
Sampling frame: The list of people in phone book
Sample: People in the phone book who are selected by random digit dialing
Respondent: People who responded to your study
500
Draw a distribution with a positive skew. Give an example of a variable that may be characterized by a positive skew.
A positively skewed distribution is one with the tail at the right, where few people get high values. Example: number of days people have been abroad this year, number of pairs of sneakers people have
500
My scale includes many questions, measured on different measurement levels. In my paper, I include a table of descriptive statistics for the different items in the scale. Which two descriptive statistics should I provide for each item, so readers can best make sense of them?