Disorder
chronic progressive disease causing degeneration and destruction of liver cells
cirrhosis
Hard deposits that are composed of cholesterol mixed with bile salts, bilirubin, calcium, and protein.
What is cholelithiasis?
RUQ pain, urticaria, enlarged lymph nodes, and joint pain
what is acute hepatitis
What diet should people with Hep A have?
Increased protein and decreased fat.
This procedure removes excess ascitic fluid from the peritoneal cavity for testing or therapeutic relief.
What is an abdominal paracentesis?
this infection is commonly asymptomatic and undiagnosed. A significant amount of people with this develop chronic infections and become carriers.
hepatitis C
When the failing _____ is unable to detoxify ammonia. This leads to excessive ammonia in the blood causing neurologic symptoms, including cognitive disturbances, declining level of consciousness, and changes in neuromuscular function. If the condition is not reversed, the patient lapses into unconsciousness, referred to a coma.
What is hepatic encephalopathy?
Slight weight loss, Dull heaviness in RUQ, and unexplained fever.
what is early stage cirrhosis?
Tx procedure(s) for cholecystitis r/t to gallstones?
Lithotripsy (crushing of stones using shockwaves), cholecystectomy (if severe)
This procedure obtains a small sample of liver tissue for microscopic examination and requires monitoring for bleeding
What is a liver biopsy?
when gallstones are present during inflammation of the gallbladder
cholelithiasis
A chronic, progressive disease of the _____. It is characterized by degeneration and destruction of _____ cells. Fibrotic bands of connective tissue impair the flow of blood and lymph and distort the normal structure.
What is cirrhosis?
Dull pain in RUQ, liver enlargement, and weight loss
What is cancer of the liver?
After hep A exposure, HAV vaccine should be given to adults within how many weeks after exposure?
2 weeks.
This endoscopic procedure uses an upper endoscope and fluoroscopy to visualize the biliary and pancreatic ducts and can also treat certain problems.
What is ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography)?
this illness originates from exocrine tissue to the duodenum, stomach, spleen and left adrenal gland
cancer of the pancreas
When hepatocytes become damaged by a viral infection, toxins, medications, alcohol, or autoimmune activity. This injury can trigger an ____________ response, causing hepatocyte dysfunction and cell death. Persistent of repeated injury can activate fibroblasts, resulting in collagen deposition, fibrosis, architectural distortion, and eventual failure of that organ.
What is hepatitis?
RUQ pain that radiates to the shoulders or back, fever, belching, and chills. Symptoms occur 3 hours after meals.
What is Cholecystitis ?
What two medications are used to contain bile acids that can dissolve gallstones?
Actigall and Chenix
This procedure uses an endoscope to directly examine the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. Afterward, the nurse keeps the patient NPO until the gag reflex returns.
What is an esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)?
deterioration in neurologic function associated with excess ammonia in the body
hepatic encephalopathy
Obstruction of the cystic duct causes bile stasis and increased intraluminal pressure within the __________, producing mechanical irritation and an inflammatory response. Progressive edema and vascular compromise of the wall can impair tissue perfusion, resulting in ischemia and cellular injury. Continued inflammation may promote bacterial proliferation, tissue necrosis, and, in severe cases, perforation or abscess formation.
What is cholecystitis?
Abdominal pain, Centered LUQ pain that radiates to the back, and severe vomiting.
What is pancreatitis?
What is the procedure called for the removal of the head of the pancreas and what is it used for?
Whipple procedure or pancreaticduodenectomy, used for pancreatic cancer that hasn't spread to the whole pancreas. Good job i guess
This blood test measures a protein in the blood that is primarily used to monitor treatment response and recurrence of colorectal cancer.
What is carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)?