GI Bleed
What is the most common cause of upper GI bleeding
Peptic Ulcers
The 2 most common causes of peptic ulcers are H. pylori infection and ___________
NSAID use
Two types of bowel obsturction
Mechanical (Adhesions) & Non Mechanical (paralytic ileus)
Most common age gropu affected by appendicitis
10 - 30 yrs
Two most common causes of pancreatitis are:
Alcohol and gallstones
The symptoms, characterized by black, tarry stools, is a sign of an upper GI bleed
Melena
This type of ulcer pain is relieved by eating food
Duodenal ulcer. Symptoms occur when gastric acid comes in contact wit the ulcers. Food buffers the acid. Symptoms usually occur 2 -5 hrs after a meal
The classic pain location in cholelithiasis
Right upper quadrant
The name of the point where appendicitis pain is most often felt
McBurney's point
located one third of the distance from the right anterior superior iliac spine to the umbilicus (navel). This point roughly corresponds to the most common location of the base of the appendix, where it is attached to the cecum.
This more specific lab test in diagnosing pancreatitis
Lipase--Other disorders (mumps, cerebral trauma) may increase serum amylase. Lipase is specific.
Patients with a GI bleed should avoid this class of pain relievers that can worsen bleeding
NSAIDS
A perforated peptic ulcer may lead to this life-threatening condition.
Peritonitis
The leading cause of foodborne outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis
Norovirus
This complication may develop if the appendix ruptures
Peritonitis
This bruising sometimes seen around the umbilicus can indicate hemorrhagic pancreatitis
Cullen's Sign
This medication is often used in GI bleeds to reduce gastric acid secretion.
Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) (Prilosec, prevacid)
Patients with GERD should avoid lying down for at least this long after eating
2 - 3 hours
Female, >40 yrs of age, Oral contraceptives
Most common factors associated with cholecystitis
This is considered standard treatment for appendicitis
appendectomy
The initial management of acute pancreatitis includes these three key interventions
NPO
IV fluids, and pain control
In severe GI bleeds, this procedure may be performed to locate and stop the source of bleeding
endoscopy
Primary symptom of GERD
Heartburn
Pouches in the mucosa of the colon that can become inflamed, perforate and cause peritonitis
Diverticulosis (Diverticuli)
Two nursing pre-operative strategies when caring for the patient with appendicitis
NPO
Monitor v.s.
IV Fluids
Pain medication
Comfort
Antibiotics
Progressive destruction as it is replaced by fibrotic tissue, Strictures and calcifications may occur
Chronic pancreatitis