Esophagus
2 causes of non-infectious esophagitis
What are reflux and medication-induced esophagitis?
(or eosinophilic esophagitis - think allergy)
The most common cause of PUD
What is H. pylori?
Common causes of hepatitis
What are viral, alcohol, NAFLD, and drugs?
Type of hypersensitivity rx that is IgE-mediated
What is type I?
This condition is associated with hematemesis and an alcohol binge
What is a mallory weiss tear?
The patients that are most often associated with having infectious esophagitis
Who are immunocompromised patients?
(candida, HSV, CMV)
The alarm symptoms associated with PUD
What is weight loss, progressive dysphagia, odynophagia, unexplained IDA, persistent vomiting, palpable mass, lymphadenopathy or family history of upper GI cancer?
The blood work we would run when a patient presents with jaundice
What are LFTs (AST, ALT, ALP, bilirubin. GGT), PT/INR, albumin and viral hepatitis screen?
Symptoms of this may include the skin, cardiovascular, respiratory, GI and psych
What is anaphylaxis?
Complication of PUD
What is bleeding? (PUD most common cause of non-hemorrhagic GI bleed)
gastric outlet obstruction, penetration through the bowel wall, perforation, gastric malignancy
Seen on barium swallow in a patient with achalasia
What is a birds beak?
The difference between cholecystitis. cholelithiasis and cholangitis
What is inflammation of the gallbladder (cholecystitis), gallstone disease (cholelithiasis), and potentially fatal bacterial infection superimposed on obstruction of the common bile duct (cholangitis)?
The medication that has changed the fate of patients infected with hepatitis C
What are direct-acting antiviral drugs?
The leukocyte most commonly associated with histamine and leukotriene release
What are mast cells?
The 3 "things" to remember in reference to cholecystitis
What are RUQ, fever, and leukocytosis?
These are non-esophageal symptoms seen in GERD
What are respiratory symptoms (chronic cough, wheezing, aspiration pneumonia) and non-respiratory (sore throat, hoarseness, dental erosions)?
2 non-specific clinical signs we may see with acute pancreatitis
What are Cullen's sign (ecchymotic discoloration in periumbical region) and Grey Turner sign (ecchymotic discoloration along the flank)?
The progression of liver injury
What is a healthy liver - fatty liver - hepatitis - cirrhosis?
non-reversible at the cirrhosis stage
Type of hypersensitivity rx associated with serum sickness
What is type III (immune-complex mediated)
The classic symptom we may see with pyloric stenosis
What is projectile vomiting?
The esophageal condition associated with portal hypertension
What are esophageal varices?
The treatment of H. pylori
What are PPI and 2 antibiotics? (clarithromycin & amoxicillin)
Complications of liver cirrhosis
What are varices?
Varices, anemia, renal failure, infection, coagulopathy, encephalopathy, sepsis
Medication that patients with type I hypersensitivity rxs may need to carry with them
What is an epi-pen?
This type of hepatitis is associated with amenorrhea, joint pain and acne
What is autoimmune hepatitis?