Hepatic Disorders
This liver disease is suggested by an AST:ALT ratio greater than 2:1
What is alcohol-associated liver disease?
This imaging study is the first-line test for suspected acute cholecystitis.
What is right upper quadrant ultrasound?
This laboratory test is the most specific marker for acute pancreatitis.
What is serum lipase?
This medication overdose is the most common cause of acute liver failure in the United States.
What is acetaminophen overdose?
This physical examination finding is elicited by inspiratory arrest during right upper quadrant palpation.
What is Murphy sign?
A patient with obesity, diabetes, and elevated ALT has hepatic steatosis on ultrasound. What is the most likely diagnosis?
What is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)?
Fever, right upper quadrant pain, and jaundice make up this classic triad
What is Charcot triad?
The two most common causes of acute pancreatitis are these conditions.
What are gallstones and alcohol use?
A child is brought to the emergency department after swallowing a button battery. What is the next best step in management?
What is immediate endoscopic removal if lodged in the esophagus?
This physical examination finding is elicited by palpating the right lower quadrant one-third of the distance from the ASIS to the umbilicus, producing localized tenderness.
What is McBurney's point tenderness?
A 42-year-old woman presents with progressive fatigue and intense pruritus. Laboratory studies show an elevated alkaline phosphatase with only mild AST and ALT elevation. She has a positive antimitochondrial antibody (AMA) test. What is the most likely diagnosis?
What is Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC)?
A patient with jaundice, elevated bilirubin, and a dilated common bile duct most likely has this condition.
What is choledocholithiasis?
A 68-year-old patient presents with early satiety, unintentional weight loss, and iron deficiency anemia. What is the most likely diagnosis?
What is gastric cancer?
A patient accidentally ingests a strong household drain cleaner and presents with severe odynophagia and drooling. What should NOT be done?
What is inducing vomiting?
A patient presents with fever, right upper quadrant pain, and jaundice. This combination of findings is known as what triad?
What is Charcot triad?
A young patient with hepatitis, tremor, and psychiatric symptoms should be evaluated for this inherited disorder.
Wilson Disease
A 62-year-old woman presents with right upper quadrant pain, jaundice, fever, and elevated bilirubin. Ultrasound shows a dilated common bile duct. What is the next best step in management?
What is ERCP?
This malignancy commonly presents with painless jaundice and weight loss.
What is pancreatic adenocarcinoma?
A patient presents with pinpoint pupils, respiratory depression, and decreased level of consciousness. Which antidote should be administered?
What is naloxone?
This physical examination finding is a flapping tremor seen when a patient extends their arms and dorsiflexes their wrists. It is commonly associated with hepatic encephalopathy.
What is asterixis?
A patient has the following hepatitis B serologies:
What do these results indicate?
What is immunity due to natural (resolved) hepatitis B infection?
A patient presents with right upper quadrant pain after eating a fatty meal. Ultrasound demonstrates gallstones but no gallbladder wall thickening, pericholecystic fluid, or common bile duct dilation. What is the most likely diagnosis?
What is symptomatic cholelithiasis (biliary colic)?
A 70-year-old patient presents with progressive dysphagia and a 15-pound weight loss. What is the most likely diagnosis?
What is esophageal cancer?
A patient presents with tinnitus, nausea, tachypnea, and a mixed metabolic acidosis with respiratory alkalosis after taking an unknown medication. What is the most likely toxin?
What is salicylate (aspirin) toxicity?
A patient has palmar erythema, spider angiomas, gynecomastia, and caput medusae on physical examination. These findings are most consistent with what underlying condition?
What is cirrhosis (chronic liver disease/portal hypertension)?