PUD
This bacterium is the most common cause of peptic ulcer disease.
What is Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)?
Part of the stomach protrudes through the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity.
What is a hiatal hernia?
This term refers to the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder.
What is cholelithiasis?
This symptom is the hallmark of peptic ulcer disease.
What is epigastric pain?
For a patient with PUD, the nurse should instruct them to avoid this category of medications that can worsen ulcers.
What are NSAIDs (aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen)?
Med causes PUD by reducing the protective mucous layer of the stomach.
What are NSAIDs
Common in males. The intestinal contents protrude through the inguinal canal.
What is an inguinal hernia?
The '4 Fs' mnemonic describes the typical patient at risk for gallstones: Female, Forty, Fertile, and this.
What is Fat?
Patients with a hiatal hernia commonly experience this symptom, especially when lying down after meals.
What is heartburn (or GERD/acid reflux)?
Post-operatively after hernia repair, the patient should avoid this action that increases intra-abdominal pressure.
What is straining during bowel movements (or heavy lifting, coughing)?
An emergency complication with PUD
What is perforation?
More frequent in females, protrudes through the femoral canal below the inguinal ligament.
What is a femoral hernia?
This imaging study is most commonly used to diagnose cholelithiasis and cholecystitis.
What is an abdominal ultrasound?
This type of stool, black and tarry, indicates upper GI bleeding from a peptic ulcer.
What is melena?
For a patient with a hiatal hernia, the nurse should elevate the head of the bed to this degree to prevent reflux.
What is 30-45 degrees (or 6-12 inches)?
This diagnostic test is the gold standard for visualizing peptic ulcers and obtaining tissue samples.
What is esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)?
This life-threatening complication is caused by a hernia that cuts off the blood supply to tissue.
What is strangulation (or incarceration)?
Cholecystitis occurs when a gallstone obstructs this structure, causing inflammation and pressure buildup.
What is the cystic duct?
Patients with acute cholecystitis often experience pain radiating to this specific location.
What is the right shoulder (or back)?
Following cholecystectomy, the nurse monitors for this serious complication, indicated by severe abdominal pain, rigidity, and fever.
What is bile peritonitis (or bile leak)?
This class of medications reduces gastric acid secretion by blocking histamine receptors in parietal cells.
What are H2-receptor antagonists (H2 blockers)?
In a sliding hiatal hernia, this structure and the gastroesophageal junction move upward into the thorax through the esophageal hiatus.
What is the upper portion of the stomach (gastric cardia and fundus)?
This procedure visualizes and removes stones from the common bile duct
What is ERCP (Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography)?
This classic triad of symptoms indicates acute cholecystitis: RUQ pain, fever, and this finding.
What is leukocytosis (elevated WBC)?
For hypovolemic shock due to acute GI bleeding from PUD, the nurse should establish these two immediate priorities.
What are maintaining airway/breathing and establishing IV access for fluid resuscitation?