Liver Labs
In hepatocellular disease, ALT > AST, except in this type of liver disease
alcoholic
IgM antibodies indicate _____ infection, IgG antibodies indicate _____ infection, and when both are present it indicates _______ infection
active; old; active (convalescent)
These parts of the intestines are UNABLE to be visualized with upper or lower endoscopy
To be diagnostic of pancreatitis, lipase and amylase should be at least
3x the ULN
______________ is a hallmark finding of pancreatic cancer
painless jaundice
This lab is the most sensitive liver enzyme to detect biliary obstruction, cholangitis, or cholecystitis
GGT
Detection of anti-HAV IgG antibodies alone indicate
past Hepatitis A infection OR vaccination
A dynamic swallow study visualizes ________ while an upper GI series visualizes ___________
pharynx and esophagus only; esophagus, stomach, and duodenum
Elevated ALT/AST levels in the setting of pancreatitis indicates
gallstone-associated pancreatitis
Common causes of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia include
hemolysis, impaired bilirubin uptake, and impaired conjugation of bilirubin
Massive elevations in AST and ALT are seen in ______ and _______ induced hepatitis. They can also be seen in _____ and heat stroke
ischemic; drug; rhabdomyolysis
Which hepatitis B antibody is present after receiving the hepatitis B vaccine?
HBsAb only
In a double contrast barium swallow, _____ is added to barium to create this effect
effervescent powder; distension
Lactoferrin testing will be positive in ________ and __________
active IBD and bacterial enteritis
Outpouching of the mucosa at the junction of the pharynx and esophagus is known as
Zenker's Diverticulum
To evaluate for autoimmune hepatitis one should order these two labs
anti-nuclear antibodies and anti smooth muscle antibody
In chronic HBV, a test for HBsAb will be
negative
A "bird beak sign" on barium swallow indicates ______, while an "apple core sign" on barium enema indicates ______
achalasia; lesion/tumor creating partial obstruction
In a patient with dysentery, these two organisms should be tested for in stool culture
shiga-toxin producing E. coli (STEC) and entamoeba histolytica (protozoa)
fecal calprotectin
Uncommon causes of liver disease includes ___________ deficiency, which can also cause COPD
alpha-1 antitrypsin
If hepatitis B testing reflects negative IgM HBcAb and positive Total HBcAb, this indicates
old hepatitis B infection
A fatty liver will appear ________ than the spleen on unenhanced CT
less dense (aka darker)
If a patient with acute diarrhea, CBC showing leukemoid reaction could indicate ______, while thrombocytopenia could indicate _______ or ________
C. diff; hemolytic uremic syndrome or thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura
Testing for serum anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies is a second line evaluation for work-up of mild elevation in AST + ALT and is used to look for
Celiac Disease