Peptic Ulcer Disease & GERD
What bacteria is responsible for most cases of peptic ulcer disease?
What is Helicobacter pylori?
What is a common brand name for calcium carbonate?
What is Tums?
What is the mechanism of action for ondansetron (Zofran)?
What is blocking 5-HT3 serotonin receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone?
What is the main action of bulk-forming laxatives?
What is adding bulk to stool to stimulate peristalsis?
What is the generic name for Imodium?
What is loperamide?
Name one medication class commonly used to reduce acid production in PUD.
What are H2 blockers or proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)?
What are two common side effects of calcium carbonate?
What are constipation and kidney stones?
Name one dopamine antagonist used for nausea or vomiting.
What is prochlorperazine, promethazine, or metoclopramide?
Why must patients take bulk-forming laxatives with a full glass of water?
To prevent intestinal obstruction.
What is the mechanism of action of loperamide?
What is activating opioid receptors in the GI tract to slow motility?
What are the two most common causes of PUD?
What are H. pylori infection and NSAID use?
How do antacids work to relieve heartburn?
What is neutralizing stomach acid?
What major side effect is associated with metoclopramide (Reglan)?
What is extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS)?
What is the difference between surfactant and stimulant laxatives?
Surfactant (Colace) softens stool; stimulant (Senna, Dulcolax) increases peristalsis.
What are common nursing implications when caring for patients on antidiarrheals?
Monitor hydration, I&O, weight, vital signs.
Describe one symptom that differentiates gastric ulcers from duodenal ulcers.
What is pain after eating for gastric ulcers and pain when stomach is empty for duodenal ulcers?
What condition should be monitored in patients using antacids long term?
What is metabolic alkalosis?
Where is a scopolamine patch applied, and when should it be placed?
What is behind the ear, at least 4 hours before needed?
What are two contraindications for osmotic laxatives like magnesium hydroxide?
What are renal failure and electrolyte imbalance risk?
What CNS effects can occur at high doses of loperamide?
Euphoria or CNS depression.
What lifestyle modifications help reduce GERD and PUD symptoms?
What are avoiding alcohol, smoking cessation, avoiding NSAIDs, and not eating before bed?
Why should H2 blockers and PPIs be used cautiously in renal or hepatic dysfunction?
Because impaired metabolism or clearance increases risk of adverse effects.
What class of drugs does scopolamine belong to, and what is its mechanism?
What is an anticholinergic that blocks nerve impulses from the inner ear to the vomiting center?
What is PEG (MiraLax) commonly used for in medical settings?
What is bowel prep before procedures (GoLYTELY solution)?
What dietary recommendation should be given to patients with diarrhea?
Avoid caffeine; drink fluids with electrolytes, not just water.