Patient Safety
Q. What is the most effective action to prevent the spread of infection between patients?
Correct Response: Performing proper hand hygiene
Rationale: Hand hygiene reduces the transmission of infectious organisms.
Q. what is an example of an antihistamine?
Benadryl
Cetrizine (Zyrtec)
Loratidine (Claritin)
A patient taking an antibiotic develops frequent watery diarrhea and abdominal cramping. What infection should the nurse consider?
C-diff
Clostridioides difficile infection
Q. Which organ produces bile?
The liver
Rationale
Bile helps emulsify fats during digestion.
Q. A patient with limited English proficiency needs instructions about a new medication. What is the safest way to communicate the instructions?
1. Use a qualified medical interpreter
2. Confirm understanding with teach-back method
3. Provide discharge instructions printed in his own language.
Q. What is the main goal of lactulose therapy in hepatic encephalopathy?
Answer: To lower blood ammonia levels.
Rationale: Lactulose traps ammonia in the colon and promotes its elimination through stool. The dose is adjusted to the prescribed target, commonly 2–3 soft stools per day.
Q. Which medication, blocks H2 histamine receptors to reduce stomach acid production?
famotidine (Pepcid)
Ranitidine (Zantac)
A patient with gastroenteritis has frequent diarrhea, a rapid heart rate, and dizziness. Which problem should the nurse prioritize?
Fluid volume deficit
Q. Which part of the large intestine absorbs remaining water and electrolytes?
The colon
Q. A patient with a weakened immune system has a hearing impairment. How can the nurse make infection-prevention instructions accessible?
Answer: Provide written instructions
Provide visual aids such as pictures, posters and videos with captions that helps patients understand the information.
Q. What should the nurse do if a patient has a documented allergy to a prescribed antibiotic?
1. Hold the medication
2. Notify the healthcare provider
Q. A patient develops facial swelling, wheezing, and difficulty breathing after receiving an antibiotic. Which medication should the nurse anticipate administering first?
Intramuscular epinephrine.
Rationale: These findings suggest anaphylaxis, a life-threatening allergic reaction. IM epinephrine is the first-line medication because it helps reduce airway swelling, improve breathing, and support blood pressure.
Question: What condition should be suspected in a patient with blood in the stool, weight loss, and altered bowel habits, and what test confirms the diagnosis?
Answer:
What is colorectal cancer,
A colonoscopy with biopsy
Q. Which lymphatic organ filters blood and helps the body respond to infections?
The spleen
Q. A patient with celiac disease follows a gluten-free diet for cultural and health reasons. Which nursing action best demonstrates culturally responsive care?
Answer: Ask about the patient's usual foods and preferences
Then collaborate with the dietitian to provide safe, culturally appropriate meals.
Q. A patient with a GI bleed vomits blood and becomes pale and dizzy. What is the nurse’s priority action?
Answers:
1. Assess airway, breathing, and circulation (Check VS)
2. Activate emergency assistance (Notify HP)
3. Promptly address signs of shock (Give fluids)
Rationale: Hematemesis can indicate severe blood loss. The patient may rapidly develop hypovolemic shock, requiring urgent assessment and resuscitation.
Q. Which medication is commonly used to relieve constipation by drawing water into the intestines?
Give an example too.
An Osmotic Laxative
Example - (Miralax)
Q. A patient receiving chemotherapy has severe neutropenia. What precautions should the nurse implement to reduce the risk of infection?
Correct Responses:
Strict hand hygiene,
Appropriate protective precautions,
Avoiding sick contacts
Monitoring for fever or other signs of infection
Rationale: Severe neutropenia weakens the body's ability to fight infection. Hand hygiene, appropriate infection-prevention measures, and early recognition of infection help prevent serious complications.
Q. What is the name of the valve that controls the movement of stomach contents into the duodenum?
Pyloric sphincter
Q. A patient with HIV avoids discussing treatment because they fear discrimination from healthcare workers. How should the nurse respond?
Answer: Provide a private, nonjudgmental environment
Protect confidentiality
Discuss treatment options respectfully without making assumptions about the patient.
Q. A patient with obesity is scheduled for abdominal surgery. Which nursing intervention is most important to reduce the risk of postoperative complications related to immobility?
How it helps? (2 benefits)
Answer: Early ambulation and frequent repositioning, as tolerated.
Rationale: Early mobility helps reduce venous thromboembolism risk and pulmonary complications.
Question: A patient with ulcerative colitis is prescribed prednisone. Which adverse effects are especially important for the nurse to monitor during treatment?
Answers:
Hyperglycemia
Increased risk for infection (due to suppression of immune system)
Q. A patient with severe abdominal pain suddenly reports that the pain has decreased, but the abdomen is rigid and the patient is tachycardic. Why is this concerning?
Possible bowel perforation with peritonitis
urgent surgical evaluation is needed
Q. Which organ is responsible for the maturation of T lymphocytes, an important part of the adaptive immune system?
b) Where is it located?
Correct Response: What is the thymus?
Located in Upper chest
Rationale: T cells mature in the thymus and help the body recognize and fight infections
Q. A patient with inflammatory bowel disease faces language and financial barriers and takes immunosuppressive medication. He cannot afford the medications. How can the nurse promote safe and equitable care?
Answers:
Arrange qualified interpretation
Refer the patient to social worker or case manager
Connect patient to community health clinics
Discuss cost concerns with the healthcare team to find a safe, affordable treatment plan.