GI Anatomy & Assessment
What is the main function of the small intestine?
Nutrient digestion and absorption.
Which hernia causes acid reflux and chest discomfort after meals?
Hiatal hernia.
Where is pain typically located in cholecystitis?
Right upper quadrant (RUQ).
What diet is recommended to prevent diverticulosis?
High-fiber diet.
Which lab values are elevated in hepatitis?
ALT & AST.
Which assessment technique should be performed first when assessing the abdomen?
Inspection.
Which organism is the leading cause of peptic ulcer disease?
Helicobacter pylori.
What is a positive Murphy’s sign?
Pain with inspiration during RUQ palpation.
Where is pain typically located in diverticulitis?
Left lower quadrant (LLQ).
Which hepatitis type is transmitted fecal–orally?
Hepatitis A.
A patient reports dark, tarry stools. What GI complication does this suggest?
Upper GI bleeding (melena).
What pain pattern is typical of a duodenal ulcer?
Pain relieved by food or antacids.
Which stools suggest bile duct obstruction?
Clay-coloured stools.
Which autoimmune condition involves “skip lesions” and affects any part of the GI tract?
Crohn’s disease.
Which classic symptoms indicate pancreatitis?
Severe epigastric pain radiating to the back; nausea/vomiting.
Which age-related change increases constipation risk?
Reduced intestinal motility.
What complication occurs when an inguinal hernia becomes trapped and loses its blood supply?
Strangulation.
Where does appendicitis pain usually localize?
Right lower quadrant (McBurney’s point).
Which disorder causes bloody diarrhea, urgency, and mucus in stool?
Ulcerative colitis.
What dangerous neurologic complication occurs in liver failure due to high ammonia levels?
Hepatic encephalopathy.
Which accessory organ produces bile?
Liver.
Which diagnostic test confirms the presence of a gastric or duodenal ulcer?
Endoscopy (EGD).
Sudden relief of RLQ pain in appendicitis may indicate what emergency?
Appendix rupture/perforation.
Which complications are associated with diverticulitis?
Perforation, abscess, peritonitis, bowel obstruction.
Which two serum enzymes rise sharply during acute pancreatitis?
Amylase and lipase.