Esophageal and upper GI
Which organism is the most common cause of infectious esophagitis in immunocompromised patients?
Candida albicans
A patient with acute pancreatitis has abdominal pain and periumbilical bruising. What is the name of this physical exam finding?
Cullen sign
What skin condition is pathognomonic for celiac disease?
Dermatitis herpetiformis
A patient’s hepatitis B serology shows HBsAg negative, anti-HBs positive, and anti-HBc negative. What is the patient’s hepatitis B status?
Immunity due to vaccination
A patient with ulcerative colitis develops a painful skin ulcer with violaceous, undermined borders on the lower leg. Which extraintestinal manifestation of IBD does this finding represent?
Pyoderma gangrenosum
A 60-year-old patient presents with progressive dysphagia to solids and liquids and regurgitation of undigested food. Barium esophagram shows a “bird’s beak” appearance. What is the NEXT diagnostic step?
EGD to rule out adenocarcinoma (pseudoachalasia) at the GE junction
A patient with recurrent epigastric pain is found to have multiple duodenal ulcers and chronic diarrhea. Which hormone-secreting tumor should be suspected?
Gastrinoma (Zollinger-Ellison syndrome)
Which fecal diagnostic test helps differentiate inflammatory bowel disease from irritable bowel syndrome?
A 28-year-old woman presents with fatigue and elevated aminotransferases. Lab testing reveals elevated IgG levels and positive anti–smooth muscle antibodies. Which disease should be suspected?
Autoimmune hepatitis
A patient presents with secretory diarrhea, flushing, and wheezing. Which syndrome should be suspected?
Carcinoid syndrome
Name 4 causes of gastroparesis
Diabetes mellitus
Systemic sclerosis
Hypothyroidism
Anticholinergents
Opioids
In autoimmune pancreatitis, serum _______ is elevated. The treatment is __________.
IgG4; steroids
A middle-aged woman presents with chronic watery diarrhea and a normal colonoscopy. What diagnosis should be suspected and confirmed with colonic biopsy?
Microscopic colitis
A patient with ulcerative colitis develops fatigue and pruritus. Labs show elevated alkaline phosphatase. MRCP demonstrates multifocal stricturing and dilation of bile ducts. What diagnosis should be suspected?
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)
What complication of stimulant laxative overuse causes dark pigmentation of the colonic mucosa?
Melanosis coli
Young adult with PMH of asthma has severe dysphagia and food impaction. What is the underlying diagnosis?
Eosinophlic esophogitis
Which malignancy is strongly associated with H. pylori infection?
MALT lymphoma
A patient presents with chronic bloating, diarrhea, and malabsorption. The symptoms are worse after meals and improve with antibiotics. Which diagnostic test is most commonly used to confirm small intestinal bacterial overgrowth?
Hydrogen breath test
What lab value and what antibody defines a diagnosis of Primary Biliary Cholangitis without a biopsy?
Alkaline phosphatase ≥1.5x ULN and a positive antimitochondrial antibody (AMA)
What syndrome explains the association between aortic stenosis and recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding from angiodysplasia?
Heyde syndrome
A patient presents with unilateral nasal obstruction, recurrent epistaxis, cervical lymphadenopathy, and hearing loss due to eustachian tube obstruction. This malignancy is strongly associated with infection by which virus?
Epstein–Barr virus, associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma
What test confirms gastrinoma when gastrin levels are borderline?
Secretin stimulation test
A patient with celiac disease presents with chronic watery diarrhea that persists during fasting. Stool studies are obtained. What fecal osmotic gap value would support secretory diarrhea in this patient?
< 50 mOsm/kg
Stool osmotic gap: 290 - [2 x (Stool Na + Stool K)]
A 29-year-old woman at 32 weeks’ gestation presents with intense pruritus, particularly on the palms and soles, without rash. Laboratory testing shows mild elevations in AST, ALT, and bilirubin. What is the first-line medication used to treat this condition?
Ursodeoxycholic acid
lntrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy
A 64-year-old woman presents with right upper quadrant pain and jaundice. Laboratory testing shows elevated bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase. Imaging reveals a large gallstone impacted in the cystic duct causing external compression of the common hepatic duct and resulting biliary obstruction. What is the name of this syndrome?
Mirizzi syndrome