H2/PPIs
Which drug class blocks H+, K+-ATPase on gastric parietal cells and inhibits the final step of acid production?
PPIs
Which GI protectant forms an ulcer-adherent complex and should be taken on an empty stomach 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals and at bedtime?
Sucralfate (Carafate)
These are known as "stool softeners" and work by lowering surface tension to allow water and fat to penetrate the stool.
emollients
Which 5-HT3 receptor blocker is contraindicated in long QT syndrome?
Ondansentron (Zofran)
This antidiarrheal works by direct action on the muscles of the GI tract to slow motility.
loperamide (Imodium A-D)
Which H2 antagonist is most associated with antiandrogenic effects such as gynecomastia and impotence with long-term use?
Cimetedine
Which prostaglandin E1 analog is used to prevent NSAID-induced gastric ulcers in high-risk patients?
Misoprostol (Cytotec)
This specific type of lubricant laxative is often used to soften hard stool and is commonly administered as a suppository.
Glycerin
This anticholinergic is frequently used in a transdermal patch behind the ear to prevent motion sickness.
Scopalamine
This bulk-forming laxative is often considered the prototype fiber-like agent and must be taken with plenty of water to avoid worsening obstruction risk.
psyllium (Metamucil)
A patient taking rilpivirine asks if they can start a PPI for GERD. Which drug class is contraindicated with concurrent rilpivirine-containing therapy?
PPIs
Frequent or long-term use of aluminum-containing antacids, such as Maalox or Mylanta, is commonly associated with this gastrointestinal side effect.
Constipation
Which laxative should be used catiously due to dependence?
Stimulant Laxatives
Which phenothiazine antiemetic has a black box warning for respiratory depression in children under 2 years and must NEVER be given SubQ?
Promethazine (Phenergan)
This PPI is described in the slides as faster-acting, more quickly excreted in urine, and having a half-life of about 30–60 minutes.
omeprazole (Prilosec)
Patient teachings for PPIs (Name 3)
Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) are most effective when taken daily, 30–60 minutes before the first meal of the day, to control gastric acid. Take with full glass of water
Patients should swallow capsules whole (not crush/chew), manage potential mild side effects like headache or constipation, and use them for the shortest time needed to avoid long-term risks.
A provider wants an agent for a patient on dialysis with renal failure and active ulcer disease. Which GI protectant should be avoided because aluminum can accumulate?
Sulcrafate (Carafate)
Which drug is the GI stimulant/nonphenothiazine that blocks dopamine receptors and increases GI sensitivity to acetylcholine?
Metoclopramide (Reglan)
This antiemetic class acts directly in the CNS to block receptors associated with nausea and vomiting and is considered the newest class
Substance P / Neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor antagonists?
Which agents are classified as miscellaneous antiemetics? Select all that apply.
A. Dexamethasone
B. Scopolamine
C. Ondansetron
D. Dronabinol
E. Trimethobenzamide
F. Granisetron
Answer: A, B, D, E
Which PPI is described as longer-acting with a duration of about 17 hours and available as delayed-release PO and IV?
Esomeprazole (Nexium)
Which medications have decreased serum levels/effectiveness when given too close to sucralfate? (name at least 3)
Warfarin, phenytoin, digoxin, fluoroquinolones, penicillamine
Patients on long-term laxative therapy are at risk of this electrolyte imbalance.
Hypokalemia
This prokinetic drug promotes motility in the small intestine to treat nausea, often given to patients with gastrostomy tubes.
Metoclopramide (Reglan)
This lubricant laxative forms a slippery coating on intestinal contents but, with frequent use, can interfere with absorption of vitamins A, D, E, and K.
mineral oil (Agoral)