MOA
Neutralize activity and elevate the pH of the stomach.
Antacids
Calcium Carbonate
hypomagnesemia, stomach polyps, and stomach cancer
Pantoprazole
Calcium Carbonate
Usually taken 3-4 times per day
Do not swallow chewable whole
Drink a full glass of water after taking
Liquid forms must be shaken well
Do not administer calcium carbonate within 1-2 hours of other medicines because calcium may decrease the effectiveness of the other medicine.
Stop food that causes hyperacidity – alcohol, smoking, high fat, spicy foods, and caffeine
Smoking cessation
To relieve heartburn, acid indigestion, and upset stomach
Antacids, Calcium Carbonate
Osmotic Agents- Milk of Magnesia, polyethylene glycol (PEG)
Polyethylene glycol usually produces a bowel movement in 1-3 days
It may cause loose, watery stools
30 – 60 minutes for effect
Polyethylene glycol 3350 has a bottle top that can be used as a measuring cap to contain 17 grams of powder when filled to the indicated line
Blocks histamine action at the H2 receptor of the parietal cells and thereby reduces hydrochloric acid
H2 Receptor Antagonist
Famotidine
The most common side effects of GI medication
Constipation
Prevent constipation
encourage fluids, routine exercise, and a high-fiber diet
Treat damage from GERD, allows the esophagus to heal, and prevents further damage
It can be used for genetic conditions where the stomach secretes too much acid, such as Zollinger-Ellison syndrome in adults
be given in combination with antibiotics to treat H.Pylori infections, a common cause of duodenal ulcers.
Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI)
Pantoprazole
Stimulants- Bisacodyl (Dulcolax)
30 minutes to 6 hours for the effect
Instruct patient to retain suppository for about 15 to 20 minutes
May cause stomach cramps, dizziness, or rectal burning
suppository on left side lying
Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI)
inhibits the secretion of hydrochloric acid
Pantoprazole
Dizziness, Drowsiness, Dry mouth
Antidiarrheal/Antimotility, Anticholinergic, Opioid-like medication
Pantoprazole
Granules can be mixed with apple sauce or apple juice and can be taken by mouth or via a feeding tube
If GERD symptoms do not improve, notify the provider
Use of alcohol, NSAIDS, or foods that cause GI irritation should be discouraged.
treat the symptoms of gas such as uncomfortable or painful pressure, fullness, and bloating.
Antiflatulent
Simethicone
Psyllium (Metamucil)- common OTC fiber supplement
Put one dose into an empty glass and mix with at least 8 ounces of water or other fluid
Taking this product without enough liquid may cause choking
Stir briskly and drink promptly
Administer at least 2 hours before or 2 hours after other medication as it can affect absorption
produces a bowel movement within 12 to 72 hours 2 to 3 days for effect
When teaching patients how to take psyllium at home, in addition to the above considerations, advise them to start with 1 dose per day but may gradually increase to 3 slides per day as necessary to maintain soft stools
Covers the ulcer site and protects it
Mucosal Protectants
Sucralfate
Anticholinergic
dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention, bowel obstruction, dilated pupils, blurred vision, increased heart rate, and decreased sweating
Sucralfate
Must be administered on an empty stomach, 2 hours after or 1 hour before meals
Notify the provider if symptoms do not improve
Treats motion sickness
Treats nausea and vomiting associated with surgical recovery from anesthesia or opiate analgesia
Classification: Antiemetic/Anticholinergic
Prototype: Scopolamine
Antiemetic/Antihistamine
Prototype: Meclizine
Antidiarrheal/Antimotility, Opioid-like medication
Prototype: Loperamide
CNS symptoms associated with anticholinergics
Overdose can cause arrhythmias
Avoid other CNS depressants
May cause drowsiness
Contraindicated for children less than 2 years old because of the risk of serious breathing and heart problems
Coats the walls of the GI tract and binds to the causative bacteria or toxin for elimination via stool, decreases the flow of fluids and electrolytes into the bowel, and reduces inflammation within the intestine
Antidiarrheal/Adsorption
Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto Bismol)
Antihistamine
Scopolamine
Only wear one transdermal system at any time.
up to 3 days
Upon removal, fold the used transdermal system in half with the sticky side together, and discard it in household trash in a manner that prevents accidental contact or ingestion by children, pets, or others.
stool softener
Docusate (Colace)
Lubricants- mineral oil enema
Read drug labels for children as some brands can be used in children aged 2 or older, whereas others are not intended for children
A mineral oil enema generally produces a bowel movement in 2 to 15 minutes.