The Land of Make Believe
Brunner’s glands are a histological feature of which part of the GI tract?
Duodenum
A patient presents with difficulty swallowing both solids and liquids. You order a barium swallow study and the imaging has a corkscrew/rosary beads appearance. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Diffuse esophageal spasm
Quadruple therapy: Bismuth – Tetracycline – Metronidazole + PPI
This zone of the liver is high in ketogenesis/lipogenesis.
Zone 3
The anastomosis responsible for the clinical sign caput medusae.
Paraumbilical anastomosis
These cells must be present histologically in Barrett’s esophagus.
Goblet Cells
HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8
Docusate belongs to which class of laxatives?
A patient with history of intravenous drug use presents with flu-like symptoms, RUQ pain, jaundice, and hepatomegaly. You suspect viral hepatitis, so you order a hepatitis panel. Presence of which lab value indicates an active HBV infection with active viral replication?
HBsAg
Inferior Mesenteric Ganglion
Mallory Denk Bodies are commonly associated with this disease.
Alcoholic liver disease
Binding of calcium to to calmodulin activates this enzyme to drive smooth muscle contraction.
Myosin Light Chain Kinase
Antiviral drugs, such as Lamivudine and Tenofovir, that are used to treat HBV infection belong to this class of medication.
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
Hepatocyte necrosis can result from acetaminophen toxicity due to accumulation of this metabolite.
NAPQI
Where might a patient with midgut nonrotation experience pain in a case of severe appendicitis?
LLQ or hypogastric region
A patient presents with multi-system symptoms including malabsorption, arthralgia, neurological symptoms. Upon histological evaluation PAS-positive macrophages infiltration of the small bowel is observed. These findings are characteristic of which disease?
Whipple's disease
Which phase of the migrating motor complex is characterized by irregular low amplitude contractions?
Phase II (Phase I = fasting phase where no contractions are present; Phase III = frequent strong contractions
A patient with recent ingestion of stream water presents to the clinic with nausea, cramping, and diarrhea with foul smelling fatty stools. You suspect a flagellated protozoan is responsible for the patient's symptoms. What is the medication you prescribe to treat this patient's condition?
Metronidazole
A mutation in the UDPGT gene leading to severely reduced ability to conjugate bilirubin leads to this syndrome.
Crigler-Najjar Syndrome
This toxin produced by B. cereus causes intestinal fluid secretion and pore formation leading to diarrhea.
Heat labile toxin
Serration and crypt dilation forming a “boot-like appearance” are histological characteristics of which kind of polyp?
Sessile serrated
The pharyngeal pouches develop between the pharyngeal arches. Important clinical structures arise from the endodermal epithelium lining of the 1st and 2nd pharyngeal pouches. What clinically relevant structure does the first pharyngeal pouch give rise to?
Pharyngotympanic tube
(Tympanic membrane also accepted as answer)
What receptor is bound by the antiemetic drug Metoclopramide?
D2 antagonist
This inborn error of metabolism resulting from lysosomal glucosidase deficiency leads to hepatomegaly, cardiomegaly, and muscle hypotonia.
Pompe Disease/Type II Glycogen Storage Disorder
Bacteria play an important role in the development of IBD. Dysbiosis is a major contributing factor. Dysbiosis in IBD is characterized by a decrease in what kind of bacteria?
Firmicutes