Upper GI
A common cause of halitosis in the elderly diagnosed with barium swallow
Zenker's diverticulum
An AST/ALT ratio > 3 is suggestive of this condition
Alcoholic liver disease
According to the USPSTF colon cancer screening should start at this age
45 years
Treatment for most gastroenteritis cases
Supportive
This is the most common cause of upper GI bleed
PUD
Name at least one finding on esophageal manometry in patients with Achalasia
1. Elevated LES resting pressure
2. Incomplete LES relaxation
3. Aperistalsis in the distal 2/3 of the esophagus
Antibodies found in patients with autoimmune hepatitis
If family history of colon cancer, follow this screening practice.
Age 40 or 10 years before age of dx in youngest family member. Repeat Q5y.
One criteria to label a C diff infection as severe (or more)
WBC count > 15 000
Creatinine >1.5
Shock/hypotension
Name one laboratory value that would sometimes help differentiate upper from lower GI bleed
BUN
Name 2 interventions which have been shown to decrease pain in CHRONIC pancreatitis
Smoking cessation, alcohol cessation, avoidance of fatty meals, opioids
This is the preferred treatment for primary biliary cirrhosis
Ursodeoxycholic acid
Treatment of mild to moderate left sided ulcerative colitis
Rectal (topical) AND oral mesalamine (also accept rectal and oral 5-ASA)
This neuroendcorcine tumor may cause significant tricuspid regurgitation
Carcinoid tumor
An upper GI bleed is defined as a GI bleeding occurring proximal to this anatomic location
Ligament of Trietz
Name 4 causes of acute pacreatitis
Alcohol, gallstones, hyperTrig, Post-ERCP, medications, hypercalcemia, infections/toxins, anatomic or physiologic pancreatic anomalies.
Name the 3 indications for SBP prophylaxis in patient with chronic liver cirrhosis
Ascitic fluid protein < 1.5 (also accept <1)
Variceal bleed (also accept GI bleed)
Previous history of SBP
Name the two major causes of pill fragment colitis capable of causing mucosal injury
kayexalate and sevelamer (do not accept bile acid sequestrants)
The formula for calculation the stool osmolar gap
290 - 2x(stool Na + stool K)
DVT prophylaxis of choice in a patient coming with a lower GI bleed caused by an IBD flair up
Lovenox (also accept heparin)
Primary treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis
Swallowed fluticasone (do not accept steroids)
Hepatopulmonary syndrome triad!
1. Liver disease (or failure)
2. Hypoxemia (also accept: increase A-a gradient or gas exchange abnormality)
3. Widespread intrapulmonary vasodilatation (also accept evidence of intrapulmonary shunt or platypnea/orthodeoxia)
This type of colorectal cancer tends to affect younger patients. Rather than forming an exophytic mass, it may diffusely infiltrate the wall
(hint to follow)
Signet ring cell carcinoma
(also accept linitis plastica)
Name one cause of a falsely negative anti-tissue transglutaminase or anti-endomysial antibody antibodies in a patient with celiac disease
IgA deficiency
Heyde's syndrome results in formation of intestinal angiodysplasia in patient with significant aortic stenosis. From a pathophysiologic stand-point, patients bleed because of an acquired deficiency of this
von Willebrand factor