Chapter 3.1 Vocab
Who was the U.S. president known for the Square Deal and progressive reforms including trust-busting?
Theodore Roosevelt
Who wrote The Jungle, exposing unsafe conditions in the meatpacking industry?
Upton Sinclair
Name a leading suffragist who played a major role in the passage of the 19th Amendment.
Carrie Chapman Catt
What was the goal of the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887?
To regulate railroad rates and prevent unfair practices.
What is the term for the growth of cities as a result of industrialization?
Urbanization
What was the purpose of Roosevelt’s trust-busting policies?
To break up “bad trusts” that exploited consumers and workers while regulating “good trusts” that were efficient.
Which photographer and journalist highlighted poor living conditions in urban areas through How the Other Half Lives?
Jacob Riis
Who was the militant suffragist known for picketing the White House?
Alice Paul
What did the Pendleton Act of 1881 establish regarding government employment?
A merit-based system for federal jobs, reducing the spoils system.
What term describes a company that dominates its entire industry and can set prices?
Monopoly
Which law passed in 1890 aimed to prevent monopolies and promote competition in business?
Sherman Antitrust Act
What term describes journalists who exposed social injustices and corruption during the Progressive Era?
Muckrakers
Which law, passed in 1916, aimed to limit the employment of children in factories?
Child Labor Act
Who led the American Federation of Labor (AFL) and advocated for skilled workers?
Samuel Gompers
What is vertical integration and which industrialist was known for using it?
Controlling all stages of production; Andrew Carnegie in steel.
What did the Square Deal promise to the American people?
Fair treatment for labor, business regulation, and consumer protection.
Who founded Hull House and helped immigrants in Chicago through settlement houses?
Jane Addams
Which 1906 law required accurate labeling of food and drugs and regulated product safety?
Pure Food and Drug Act
Which labor leader founded the Socialist Party of America and advocated for workers’ rights?
Eugene V. Debs
What is the term for wealthy industrialists who were criticized for exploiting workers but sometimes gave back to society?
Robber Barons or Captains of Industry
Define progressivism in the context of the early 20th century.
A movement seeking political, economic, and social reforms to address the problems caused by industrialization and urbanization.
What organization was co-founded by Susan B. Anthony to advocate for women’s suffrage?
NAWSA (National American Woman Suffrage Association)
Which law passed in 1906 required federal inspection of meat processing plants?
Meat Inspection Act
What major economic shift in the late 19th century transformed the U.S. from a rural to an industrial society?
Industrialization
Why was rapid industrialization significant to the U.S. economy during the Gilded Age?
It created new jobs, increased production, expanded markets, but also caused labor unrest, urban crowding, and social inequality.