The West
These helped to develop the west
Railroads
Passed in 1892 in response to the Standard Oil Trust, this act tried to outlaw monopolies, but the enforcement of it was difficult to achieve.
The Sherman Antitrust Act
Name one reason for the growth in population of cities during the Gilded Age.
Improved agriculture, immigration, and the convenience of urban life (transit, factory jobs)
Author of the Jungle → Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food and Drug Act → government regulation of food
Upton Sinclair
Passed by Woodrow Wilson, this is the foundation of our banking system today; regulates the amount of money in circulation; 12 regional districts
The Federal Reserve
People moved west for
Bonus (100 pts): name two groups who settled the west
Economic opportunities (miners, cowboys, farmers)
Workers generally wanted __________ hours, _______ pay, and ________ conditions. To achieve these goals, they would go on _______________.
Bonus (100 pts): what was the name of the violent labor dispute we learned about in class?
Less hours; more pay; better conditions
Go on strikeImmigrants had to pass through ____________ island when they arrived in New York City. Many immigrants worked in low-wage, ______________ jobs.
Ellis Island
Factory or industrial jobs
Wrote the History of Standard Oil Company → called out John D. Rockefeller’s ruthless business practices in the oil industry
Alice Paul
This law provided farmers 160 acres of land in the west
The Homestead Act
This concept was used by the Robber Barons to justify the gap between the rich and the poor by arguing that "survival of the fittest" meant the rich and poor got what they deserved.
Social Darwinism
Tammany Hall in New York City was an example of this.
Trade jobs/services for votes → control city politics
Political Machine
TR got this nickname because he filed 44 lawsuits using the Sherman Antitrust Act to break up corporate monopolies
Trustbuster
Grants women the right to vote (suffrage)
19th Amendment
The populist party was angry about this:
One of their solutions was called:
High Railroad Rates and Bimetallism (gold and silver for currency - more money in circulation)
Name One important resource used for industrialization and an invention created during the second industrial revolution.
Coal; Steel; Oil
Electric Lighting; power grid; airplanes; telephone; typewriter; Bessemer process; Automobiles
Name two major goals of the Progressive Reformer Movement
Correct abuses of big business with anti-trust laws
Reforms to decrease the power of political machines and political corruption on all levels of government
Improved living conditions and services to the poor
Moral Reform > Prohibition and the 18th amendment banning alcohol
Besides regulation of business, name one accomplishment of TR during the Progressive era
Conservation - set aside millions of acres of land for national parks
Protected workers against unfair business practices (1902 Coal Strike)
Name the amendment that granted Graduated income tax - more $ = higher tax rate
16th Amendment
Because the ______________ went nearly extinct and after being forced onto reservations, native Americans were forced to ______________, especially after the ___________ Act was passed.
Buffalo, Assimilate, Dawes Act
Name all four Robber Barons discussed in class and their industry
Andrew Carnegie; Steel
John D. Rockefeller; Oil
JP Morgan; Finance/Banking
Cornelius Vanderbilt; Railroads
Name two election reforms advocated for by the Progressive Movement
Voting reforms - Ballot Initiatives, primaries, recalls, direct election of senators (17th Amendment)
Getting the people more involved in politics - expanding participation in political process.
This muckraker was an African-American woman who documented instances of Lynching and racial violence in the south and advocated for women's suffrage.
Ida B. Wells
Direct election of Senators (no longer by state legislatures)
17th Amendment