Labor Unions
This labor union only allowed skilled workers.
American Federation of Labor
This was the leader of the American Railway Union
Eugene V. Debs
The American Railway Union is most associated with which labor strike during the Gilded Age?
Pullman Strike
Define horizontal integration and give an example.
Horizontal integration occurs when one company buys out/controls other companies at THE SAME level of production.
Define Social Darwinism.
Survival of the fittest; people with the best traits will be successful while those with less desirable traits will be left alone to fight for their own survival.
Initially, this labor union only allowed mine workers.
United Mine Workers
Samuel Gompers
This labor strike resulted in violent conflict between police and protesters. It also saw the first peacetime use of a dynamite bomb.
Haymarket Affair
Define and give an example of vertical integration.
When one company controls two or more levels of production.
Carnegie Steel
What term best describes the American government's economic policy during the Gilded Age?
Laissez-Faire Capitalism
This labor union wanted to join together all members of the working class.
Industrial Workers of the World
How did the Knights of Labor seek to make changes to their labor conditions?
Boycotts & arbitration
List the four strikes we learned about yesterday and the corresponding industry.
Great Strike of 1877: Railroad
Homestead Strike: Steel
Pullman Strike: Railroad
Haymarket Affair: General Labor Strike
List 4 issues that laborers encountered during the Gilded Age.
Poor wages
Dangerous working conditions
Unsanitary working conditions
Low wages
No vacation
No sick leave
No workers compensation for injury on the job
What is the name of the process by which iron is converted into steel?
Bessemer Process
This was the slogan for the Industrial Workers of the World.
One big union.
Explain how the Knights of Labor were different from most other labor unions during the Gilded Age.
The Knights of Labor included workers of all skill levels, both sexes, and African-Americans (after 1883).
Explain the cause of the Homestead Strike and the events that took place during the Homestead Strike.
The price of steel dropped in the early 1890s which forced Andrew Carnegie to cut wages. The plant manager brought in a private militia to break the strike which resulted in a violent gunfight.
List 3 capitalists of the Gilded Age and how they acquired their wealth.
Andrew Carnegie: Production of steel
John D. Rockefeller: Standard Oil Company
J.P. Morgan: Banking/Financial
Cornelius Vanderbilt: Railroads/Shipping Lines
List 4 technological inventions/innovations of the Gilded Age.
Typewriter, railroads, steam engine, steel, telephone, light bult, spinning jenny, etc.
Explain why the American Federation of Labor only wanted to accept skilled workers.
If they only accepted skilled workers, they have more bargaining power against the management. Because they are more skilled, they are not as replaceable as unskilled workers.
Explain why the American Railway Union required members to be below the rank of foreman.
If you were at the rank of foreman or above, you were considered to be "management" and were part of the problem.
Explain the cause of the Pullman Strike.
Pullman, who also owned the company town, cut wages by 25% but did not reduce the cost of living. When workers tried to negotiate, they were fired.
The __________________ made it illegal to form a trust that interfered with free trade between states or with other countries.
Sherman Antitrust Act
In 1869, the meeting of the Central Pacific and Union Pacific Railroads in Promontory, Utah marked the first ___________________.
Transcontinental railroad (it spanned the entire country)